Retracted: Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and toxigenic gene profile of the Clostridium difficile isolated from molluscan shellfish

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Nayebpour ◽  
Ebrahim Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Gene Profile

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from hospitals in south-east Scotland

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 921-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esvet Mutlu ◽  
Allison J. Wroe ◽  
Karla Sanchez-Hurtado ◽  
Jon S. Brazier ◽  
Ian R. Poxton
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Binary Toxin ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
The Common ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Clostridium difficile isolates (n=149) collected in south-east Scotland between August and October 2005 were typed by four different methods and their susceptibility to seven different antibiotics was determined. The aims were to define the types of strain occurring in this region and to determine whether there were any clonal relationships among them with respect to genotype and antibiotic resistance pattern. Ribotyping revealed that 001 was the most common type (n=113, 75.8 %), followed by ribotype 106 (12 isolates, 8.1 %). The majority of the isolates (96.6 %, n=144) were of toxinotype 0, with two toxinotype V isolates and single isolates of toxinotypes I, IV and XIII. PCR and restriction analysis of the fliC gene from 147 isolates gave two restriction patterns: 145 of pattern VII and two of pattern I. Binary toxin genes were detected in only three isolates: two isolates of ribotype 126, toxinotype V, and one isolate of ribotype 023, toxinotype IV. S-types showed more variation, with 64.5 % (n=40) of the common S-type (4939) and 21 % (n=13) of S-type 4741, with six other S-types (one to three isolates each). All ribotype 001 isolates were of the same S-type (4939), with three isolates of other ribotypes being this S-type. No resistance was found to metronidazole or vancomycin, with resistance to tetracycline only found in 4.3 % of the isolates. A high proportion of isolates were resistant to clindamycin (62.9 %), moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone (both 87.1 %) and erythromycin (94.8 %). Resistance to three antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin and ceftriaxone) was seen in 66 isolates, with erythromycin, ceftriaxone and moxifloxacin resistance seen in 96 isolates. Resistance to all four of these antibiotics was found in 62 isolates and resistance to five (the above plus tetracycline) in one isolate: a ribotype 001, toxinotype 0 strain. Whilst ribotype 001 was the most commonly encountered type, there was no evidence of clonal relationships when all other typing and antibiotic resistance patterns were taken into account.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity and antibiotic resistance gene profile of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from humans and food animals in Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Ajayi ◽  
Stella Ifeanyi Smith ◽  
Julien Coulibaly Kalpy ◽  
Ibidunni Oreoluwa Bode-Sojobi ◽  
Yao Kouamé René ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Gene Profile ◽  
Food Animals

scholarly journals Detection of antibiotic resistance toxigenic Clostridium difficile in processed retail lettuce

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Han ◽  
Joan King ◽  
Marlene E Janes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Ribotype 027 ◽  
Infectious Diarrhoea

Abstract Objectives: Clostridium difficile is the major cause of infectious diarrhoea in humans after antimicrobial treatment. Clostridium difficile has been isolated from food animals and meat. The main purpose of this study was to characterize C. difficile isolated from retail lettuce and determine the antibiotic resistance using five common clinical-selected antibiotics (metronidazole, vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and cefotaxime). Materials and Methods: Lettuce samples (grown in California, Arkansas, and Louisiana) were purchased from retail stores. Results: Toxigenic C. difficile was isolated from 13.8 per cent (41/297) of the lettuce samples. Among the toxigenic isolates, only 82.9 per cent (34/41) produced toxin B, 17.1 per cent (7/41) produced both toxin A and toxin B, and two of the Louisiana C. difficile isolates were identified as ribotype 027. Under the treatment of the five antibiotics, the virulence C. difficile isolates were identified as having antibiotic resistance to metronidazole, vancomycin, and erythromycin. Conclusion: The present study reports the highest prevalence of toxigenic C. difficile in US retail lettuce. The antibiotic resistance to metronidazole, vancomycin, and erythromycin of the isolated C. difficile from retail lettuces could lead to public health concerns.

Emerging antibiotic resistance in gastrointestinal infections

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krause
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections

Resistenzentwicklungen machen auch bei pathogenen Bakterien gastrointestinaler Infektionen nicht Halt. So sind vor allem bei Salmonellen, Campylobacter und Helicobacter pylori in den letzten zehn Jahren eine mehrfache Erhöhung der Resistenzquoten gegen bisher erfolgreiche Antibiotika beobachtet worden. Die bedeutendsten Entwicklungen sind die Resistenzzunahme gegen Metronidazol und Clarithromycin bei Helicobacter pylori, gegen Fluorochinolone und Makrolide bei Campylobacter und gegen Fluorochinolone und Drittgeneration-Cephalosporine bei Salmonellen. Besonders besorgniserregend sind Mehrfachresistenzen, die bei allen drei Bakteriengenera vorkommen. Erfreulicherweise ist die Resistenzrate von Clostridium difficile gegen Metronidazol und Vancomycin noch sehr gering. Es bestehen keine Zweifel, dass der weit verbreitete Antibiotika-Einsatz in der Fleisch- und Geflügelindustrie die Quelle resistenter Campylobacter und Salmonellen ist. Vor allem in diesem Sektor ist eine rigorose Kontrolle und Reduktion des Antibiotika-Verbrauchs notwendig, um den aktuellen Trend zu bremsen. Folgende Regeln sind bei diesen drei «Problemkeimen» zu beachten: 1) restriktiver Antibiotika-Gebrauch, der auf etablierten Therapieindikationen beruht. Die Eradikation eines symptomlosen Helicobacter ist nicht indiziert und Antibiotika beeinflussen den Krankheitsverlauf bei den meisten Campylobacter- und Salmonella-Enterokolitiden nicht. 2) Antibiotika gezielt gegen den identifizierten Erreger, kurz und in richtiger Dosierung einsetzen. 3) Resistenzprüfungen durchführen, welche die richtige Antibiotikawahl ermöglichen und verhindern, dass wirkungslose Therapien durchgeführt werden, die lediglich die Resistenzbildung in der Bakterienflora fördern.

Increasing In vitro Clostridium difficile Antibiotic Resistance: A Systematic Review 2017 Presidential Poster Award

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. S55-S56
Author(s):  
Saloni Kapoor ◽  
Raseen Tariq ◽  
Robin Patel ◽  
Audrey Scheutz ◽  
Darrell S. Pardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Poster Award

scholarly journals Chloramphenicol Resistance in Clostridium difficile Is Encoded on Tn4453 Transposons That Are Closely Related to Tn4451 from Clostridium perfringens

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1563-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dena Lyras ◽  
Christine Storie ◽  
Andrea S. Huggins ◽  
Paul K. Crellin ◽  
Trudi L. Bannam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Circular Form ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT The chloramphenicol resistance gene catD fromClostridium difficile was shown to be encoded on the transposons Tn4453a and Tn4453b, which were structurally and functionally related to Tn4451 fromClostridium perfringens. Tn4453a and Tn4453b excised precisely from recombinant plasmids, generating a circular form, as is the case for Tn4451. Evidence that this process is mediated by Tn4453-encodedtnpX genes was obtained from experiments which showed that in trans these genes complemented a Tn4451tnpXΔ1 mutation for excision. Nucleotide sequencing showed that the joint of the circular form generated by the excision of Tn4453a and Tn4453b was similar to that from Tn4451. These results suggest that the Tn4453-encoded TnpX proteins bind to similar DNA target sequences and function in a manner comparable to that of TnpX from Tn4451. Furthermore, it has been shown that Tn4453a and Tn4453b can be transferred to suitable recipient cells by RP4 and therefore are mobilizable transposons. It is concluded that, like Tn4451, they must encode a functional tnpZ gene and a targetoriT or RSA site. The finding that related transposable elements are present in C. difficile andC. perfringens has implications for the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and the mobile elements on which they are found within the clostridia.

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