scholarly journals Alnus glutinosa and Orientus ishidae (Matsumura, 1902) share phytoplasma genotypes linked to the ‘Flavescence dorée’ epidemics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attilio Rizzoli ◽  
Elena Belgeri ◽  
Mauro Jermini ◽  
Marco Conedera ◽  
Luisa Filippin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Flavescence Dorée

Osbornellus auronitens (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), an introduced species new for the Palaearctic region

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Trivellone ◽  
Milana Mitrović ◽  
Christopher H. Dietrich ◽  
Ivo Toševski
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

AbstractThe introduction of invasive species may result in important ecological, environmental, and economic impacts. Extensive study of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera) fauna in a wine-growing region in southern Switzerland revealed, for the first time, presence of the Nearctic leafhopper Osbornellus auronitens (Provancher) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the vicinity of Stabio (Canton of Ticino). The species identity of the collected specimens was confirmed using morphological and molecular characters. All specimens of O. auronitens were collected in a forest of Castanea sativa Miller (Fagaceae), Corylus avellana Linnaeus (Betulaceae), and Alnus glutinosa (Linnaeus) Gaertner (Betulaceae) intermixed with Cornus sanguinea Linnaeus (Cornaceae), Salix Linnaeus (Salicaceae), and Rubus Linnaeus (Rosaceae). In its native range this leafhopper is polyphagous and a relatively common visitor in vineyards. Based on analysis of the barcoding region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene of the collected O. auronitens, 100% identity with specimens of the same species originating from Canada was determined. Osbornellus auronitens is morphologically similar to Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), another introduced Nearctic leafhopper, which was involved in severe outbreaks of disease caused by the Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma (Bacteria: Acholeplasmataceae) in European viticultural regions since the 1960s. In this paper, we report the morphological features to distinguish O. auronitens from S. titanus, and discuss the possible implications of its expected spread across the Old World.

scholarly journals First Report of Alder Yellows Phytoplasma Associated with Common Alder (Alnus glutinosa) in the Republic of Macedonia

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1268-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Atanasova ◽  
D. Spasov ◽  
M. Jakovljević ◽  
J. Jović ◽  
O. Krstić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Gene ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
First Report ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus

Alder yellows phytoplasma (AldYp) is classified as a member of the 16SrV-group of phytoplasmas and is closely related to Flavescence dorée (FD), a quarantined pathogen of economic importance affecting vineyards across Europe. AldYp is associated with common (Alnus glutinosa) and grey alder (A. incana), and has been reported in France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Baltic region, Serbia, and Montenegro (1,2,4). For Macedonian vineyards, so far, neither infection of grapevine with 16SrV-group of phytoplasmas nor the presence of the main FD phytoplasma vector, Scaphoideus titanus, has been recorded. However, the presence of FD-related phytoplasma was detected in wild Clematis vitalba. In September and October 2013, leaves with petioles from A. glutinosa exhibiting leaf discoloration and yellowing were collected from two sites (41°23′43″ N, 22°54′ E and 41°23′ N, 22°53′ E) in southeast Macedonia near the village of Smolare (Strumica district). Eight samples were collected from each site. Leaves of six asymptomatic alder seedlings collected from the same sites served as a control. Nucleic acids were extracted from fresh leaf midribs and petioles using a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Initial phytoplasma identification was carried out by nested PCR assay of the 16S rRNA gene, using universal primers P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 followed by RFLP with MseI endonuclease (Fermentas, Vilnius, Lithuania), as previously reported (4). Characterization of detected phytoplasmas was performed by amplifying two genetic loci specific for the members of the 16SrV group phytoplasmas; the ribosomal protein gene operon (rp) using primers rp(V)F1/rpR1 and rp(V)F1A/rp(V)R1A (3), and the non-ribosomal metionine aminopeptidase (map) gene using primer set FD9f5/MAPr1 and FD9f6/MAPr2 (1). The PCR amplicons were sequenced and deposited in NCBI GenBank database under the accession numbers KJ605448 to 52 (map) and KJ605453 to 57 (rp). The obtained sequences were compared with reference sequences of the 16SrV-group phytoplasmas (1,3) using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA5 (5). The presence of phytoplasma was detected in 14 of 16 symptomatic alder samples, while all control plants tested negative. The MseI restriction profiles were identical among all 14 samples and with the reference strains of the 16SrV group phytoplasmas (EY1 - 16SrV-A, FD-C - 16SrV-C, and FD-D - 16SrV-D). The rp-based phylogeny enabled identification of four diverse phytoplasma strains among the AldYp strains from Macedonia. Three strains clustered within the rpV-E subgroup while one belonged to rpV-L subgroup. Phylogenetic analysis of the more variable genetic locus, map, showed the presence of five diverse phytoplasma strains. Four strains belonged to the map-FD2 (FD-D, FD92) cluster, while one grouped within the map-FD1 (FD70) cluster. To our knowledge, this is the first report of 16SrV phytoplasma group occurrence on alder in Macedonia. The significant similarity between AldYp strains and FD sensu stricto indicate the risk of pathogen exchange between the wild ecosystem and the grapevine (1). Alder trees naturally infected with the FDp-related strains could therefore represent a serious risk for FD outbreak in Macedonian vineyards if local S. titanus populations developed. References: (1) G. Arnaud et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:4001, 2007. (2) T. Cvrković et al. Plant Pathol. 57:773, 2008. (3) M. Martini et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57:2037, 2007. (4) S. Radonjić et al. Plant Dis. 97:686, 2013. (5) K. Tamura et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28:2731, 2011.

Monitoring natural stand change in the forest reserve of Liedekerke, Flanders (Belgium)

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van den Meersschaut ◽  
B. De Cuyper ◽  
K. Vandekerkhove ◽  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Sweet Chestnut

Natural  stand changes in the forest reserve of Liedekerke were analysed during the  period    1986-1996, using a permanent grid of circular plots. The monitoring  concentrated on natural    changes in species composition, using stem number and basal area as  indicators, and changes    in spatial distribution and colonization capacities of trees and shrubs,  with special interest in the    competition between exotic and indigenous species. After only a decade of  monitoring important    natural changes in the woody layer were detected. The pioneer forest is  gradually maturing    through self-thinning processes and shifts in species composition. The  overall stem number    decreased with 33.6%, while the basal area increased with 20.9%. Birch (Betula pendula/    pubescens) and indigenous oak (Quercus robur/petraea) remained  dominant. More tolerant    exotic species, like red oak (Quercus rubra) and sweet chestnut (Castanea  sativa), are slowly    increasing their share in the species composition and expanding their  range. Pioneer species on    the other hand, like aspen (Populus tremula), willow (Salix  capreaicinerealaurita), alder buckthorn    (Frangula alnus) and  common (Alnus glutinosa)  and grey alder (A. incana),  strongly declined.    Black cherry (Prunus serotina) seems to be slowly invading the forest due to its  massive    natural regeneration. Strong competition may be expected especially from  rowan ash (Sorbus    aucuparia), which showed similar regeneration  and colonization capacities. Elder (Sambucus    nigra) dramatically extented its range, though  its share remains marginal. Beech remained absent    most probably due to the lack of mature trees in the vacinity of the  forest. Finally this    change detection allowed that general predictions could be made on the  future natural development    and composition of this forest reserve, which could serve forest management  decisions.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the flame retardant antiseptic properties from plant waste against fungi on alnus glutinosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 525 ◽  
pp. 012102
Author(s):  
A P Glinushkin ◽  
E M Motasova ◽  
T P Aysuvakova ◽  
A V Ovsiankina ◽  
N S Zhemchuzhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Plant Waste

ASSIMILATION OF NITROGEN IN ROOT NODULES OF ALDER (ALNUS GLUTINOSA)

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN BLOM ◽  
WIM ROELOFSEN ◽  
ANTOON D. L. AKKERMANS
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodules ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa

scholarly journals Acquisition capability of the grapevine Flavescence dorée by the leafhopper vector Scaphoideus titanus Ball correlates with phytoplasma titre in the source plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Galetto ◽  
Dimitrios Miliordos ◽  
Chiara Roggia ◽  
Mahnaz Rashidi ◽  
Dario Sacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leafhopper Vector ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus ◽  
Source Plant

scholarly journals Models Applied to Grapevine Pests: A Review

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Federico Lessio ◽  
Alberto Alma
Keyword(s):  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Homalodisca Vitripennis ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Definition Of

This paper reviews the existing predictive models concerning insects and mites harmful to grapevine. A brief conceptual description is given on the definition of a model and about different types of models: deterministic vs. stochastics, continuous vs. discrete, analytical vs. computer-based, and descriptive vs. data-driven. The main biological aspects of grapevine pests covered by different types of models are phenology, population growth and dynamics, species distribution, and invasion risk. A particular emphasis is put on forecasting epidemics of plant disease agents transmitted by insects with sucking-piercing mouthparts. The most investigated species or groups are the glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) and other vectors of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, a bacterium agent of Pierce’s disease; the European grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermuller); and the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball, the main vector of phytoplasmas agents of Flavescence dorée. Finally, the present and future of decision-support systems (DSS) in viticulture is discussed.

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