scholarly journals Short‐lived peaks of stem methane emissions from mature black alder ( Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) – Irrelevant for ecosystem methane budgets?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Köhn ◽  
Anke Günther ◽  
Ines Schwabe ◽  
Gerald Jurasinski
Keyword(s):  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Black Alder

scholarly journals Mature black alder shows intermittent events of high stem methane emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Köhn ◽  
Anke Günther ◽  
Ines Schwabe ◽  
Gerald Jurasinski
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
High Variability ◽  
List Type ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Alder Forest ◽  
Closed Chambers

SummaryTree stems can be a source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). However, assessments of the global importance are complicated by a lack of research and a high variability between ecosystems. Here, we determined the contribution of emissions from tree stems of mature black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) to overall CH4 exchange in two temperate peatlands.We measured emissions from stems and soils using closed chambers in a drained and a wet alder forest over two years. Further, we studied the importance of alder leaves as substrate for methanogenesis in an incubation experiment.Stem CH4 emissions were shortlived and occurred only during times of inundation at the wet site. The drained site did not show stem emissions and the soil acted as a small CH4 sink. The contribution of stem emissions to the overall CH4 budget was below 0.3% in both sites.Our results show that also mature black alders intermittently can be a source of CH4. However, the low share of stem-mediated CH4 emissions in both forests may indicate that this pathway is only of minor relative importance in temperate peatlands.

Short lived peaks of stem methane emissions in temperate black alder forest - irrelevant for ecosystem methane budgets?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Köhn ◽  
Anke Günther ◽  
Gerald Jurasinski
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Alder Forest ◽  
Methane Budget ◽  
Closed Chambers

<p>Tree stems can be a source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and locally as regionally important to the overall GHG budget. Stem emissions even hold the potential of narrowing down knowledge gap in the global methane budget. However, assessments of the global importance of stem CH<sub>4</sub> emissions are complicated by a lack of research and high variability between individual ecosystems. Here, we determined the contribution of emissions from stems of mature black alder (<em>Alnus glutinosa</em> (L.) Gaertn.) to overall CH<sub>4</sub> exchange in two temperate peatlands. We measured emissions from stems and soils using closed chambers in a drained and an undrained alder forest over 2 years. Furthermore, we studied the importance of alder leaves as substrate for methanogenesis in an incubation experiment. Stem CH<sub>4</sub> emissions at the undrained alder forest were very variable in time and only persisted for a few weeks during the year. Generally the drained alder forest did not soil nor stem CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Different upscaling approaches were assessed and all approaches showed that stem CH<sub>4</sub> emissions contributed less than 0.3 % to the total ecosystem CH<sub>4</sub> budget. However, stem CH<sub>4</sub> seem to depend strongly on the hydrological regime and therefore vary strongly between ecosystems. Hence, every ecosystem must be consdidered attentively with respect to their stem CH<sub>4</sub> emissions.</p>

scholarly journals Glossiness Evaluation of Coated Wood Surfaces as Function of Varnish Type and Exposure to Different Conditions

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Emilia-Adela Salca ◽  
Tomasz Krystofiak ◽  
Barbara Lis ◽  
Salim Hiziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Wood Surfaces ◽  
Water Borne

The objective of this study was to evaluate the glossiness of black alder wood (Alnus glutinosa L.) samples coated with two varnish types as a function of exposure to dry heat and artificial aging. The chemical resistance of the coated samples to cold liquids was also evaluated. Based on the findings in this work, it appears that the varnish types and their structural differences influenced the overall glossiness of the coated samples. The UV varnish exhibited higher gloss values than those coated with the water-borne product within the range of silky gloss and silky matte grades. The heat exposure influenced the surface glossiness of the UV-coated samples more than the samples coated with water-borne varnish. The overall gloss values of the samples decreased with the exposure time to artificial aging, resulting in no layer cracks. The cold household liquids left less visible traces on the surfaces and alcohol was found to be the strongest agent. This study could have practical applications in the furniture industry to produce value-added furniture units according to their specific conditions of indoor use.

scholarly journals Response of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) to selective thinning of various intensities

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 378-378
Author(s):  
Simon Lendvai ◽  
Jurij Diaci ◽  
Dušan Roženbergar
Keyword(s):  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Black Alder

Područje poplavnih šuma crne johe (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) u Sloveniji čini samo 0,4 % (približno 4708 ha) ukupne površine šumskog zemljišta (Čater i sur., 2001.). Veći kompleks takvih sastojina u Sloveniji su Črni i Polanski Log, a istraživanje je provedeno na području potonjeg (slika 1). Kako čiste sastojine johe odlikuju brojne specifičnosti, potrebno im je prilagoditi šumskouzgojne postupke. Da bi se utvrdio odgovarajući intenzitet prorjede takvih sastojina, 1967. godine u Polanskom Logu postavljene su pokusne plohe. Od tada do 2018. godine na plohama je izvršeno pet do sedam mjerenja. Sva stabla na plohama su bila obrojčana. Izvršeno je mjerenje prsnih promjera i procjena sljedećih elemenata na stablima: pripadnost etaži, vitalnost, uzgojna perspektiva, uzgojna uloga, duljina krošnje i kvaliteta (tablica 3). Svaka ploha bila je podijeljena u tri polja (40 x 50 m) s različitim metodama rada: bez intervencije, umjereno i intenzivno prorjeđivanje. Uzgojni postupci koji su poduzeti tijekom praćenja pokusa prikazani su u tablici 2. Danas su te sastojine u zreloj fazi razvoja, stoga smo u ovom radu analizirali reakcije crne johe na različite intenzitete prorjeđivanja i dobivene rezultate usporedili s preporukama autora tradicionalnih uzgojnih modela i modela koji se temelje na situacijskoj njezi šuma. Ustanovili smo da se na plohama s intenzivnim prorjeđivanjem gustoća sastojine koja je u dobi između 50 i 70 godina i na kraju je ophodnje kreće od 295 do 690 kom/ha (slika 3), dok se na plohama bez intervencije ova vrijednost kreće u rasponu od 370 do 790 kom/ha. Drvne zalihe u istom su se razdoblju kretale u rasponu od 277 do 458 m<sup>3</sup>/ha na plohama s intenzivnim prorjeđivanjem, dok su na plohama bez intervencije bile veće, u rasponu od 309 do 516 m<sup>3</sup>/ha (slika 4). U to su se doba temeljnice nalazile u rasponu između 23 i 41 m<sup>2</sup>/ha na plohama s intenzivnim prorjeđivanjem, a na plohama bez intervencije u rasponu od 26 do čak 51 m<sup>2</sup>/ha (slika 5). Tijekom cijelog razdoblja praćenja ploha, stabla su, bez obzira na metodu rada, narasla za tri do četiri debljinska stupnja (slika 2). Na plohama s umjerenim prorjeđivanjem i onima bez intervencije, debljinski prirast stabala bio je skoro jednak (0,33 cm godišnje) (slika 6). Statistički je značajan veći debljinski prirast stabala na plohama s jako intenzivnim prorjeđivanjem (0,37 cm godišnje). Debljinski prirast dominantnih stabala bio je nešto veći, od 0,46 cm godišnje na plohama bez intervencije do 0,50 cm godišnje na plohama s jako intenzivnim prorjeđivanjem, ali statistički značajne razlike između metoda rada nisu utvrđene (slika 6). Međutim, otkrili smo da kod dominantnih stabala ne postoje statistički značajne razlike s obzirom na njihovu slojevitost, vitalnost, tendenciju, dužinu krošnje i kvalitete s obzirom na korištenu metodu rada. U usporedbi s uzgojnim modelima koji su se koristili za manji broj odabranih stabla, gustoća i temeljnica ispitivanih sastojina je znatno veća, a debljinski prirast manji. Autori tradicionalnih i modela s manjim brojem odabranih stabala zagovaraju rano prorjeđivanje takvih sastojina (tablica 1). Veće razlike nastaju u konačnom broju stabala po hektaru i u intenzitetu intervencije. Razlog malog debljinskog prirasta i razlike između metoda rada na našim plohama pripisali smo nedovoljnom intenzitetu i djelomično nedosljednoj provedbi postupka prorjeđivanja. Ipak, ukazala se potreba za intenzivnim prorjeđivanjem i pospješivanjem rasta stabala najvećeg prsnog promjera, vitalnosti i tendencije, lijepo oblikovane i duge krošnje (slika 7, slika 8).

scholarly journals Effects of botanical antifeedants on Melolontha melolontha grub feeding on Scots pine roots

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Skrzecz ◽  
Alicja Sowińska ◽  
Wojciech Janiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of using botanic antifeedants to reduce the damage caused by Melolontha spp. grubs. To achieve the objective, the experiments were established in semi-field conditions to estimate the antifeedant activity of rutin, quercetin (flavonoids from buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum) and an extract from black alder Alnus glutinosa leaves against Melolontha melolontha grubs. The grubs were placed individually in the pots with a soil in which 2 year old Pinus sylvestris trees were planted. The pots were put in garden pavilions placed in the open area. Then the soil in the pots were watered with the emulsions of rutin, quercetin, an extract from A. glutinosa leaves, and with pure water-comparative variant. After 4 months, the weight and mortality of grubs were compared, as well as the weight of tree roots in all pots. There was no effect of the antifeedants on the development and extent of damage caused by M. melolontha grubs. The results do not indicate the use of botanic antifeedants in the protection of forests against the cockchafer grubs

Black alder- (Alnus glutinosa-) riverside forests of Corse

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-243
Author(s):  
Hartmut Dierschke
Keyword(s):  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Black Alder
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