Systemic fungicides reduce the abundance of yeast‐like symbiotes and the performance of the planthopper Delphacodes kuscheli (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Fuente ◽  
Arnaldo Maciá ◽  
María Eugenia Brentassi ◽  
Andrea Vanesa Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Delphacodes Kuscheli

Estudio de la interacción planta-insecto

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
María Eugenia Brentassi
Keyword(s):  
Delphacodes Kuscheli

Los hemípteros fulgoromorfos, comúnmente conocidos como planthoppers, constituyen un grupo de insectos fitófagos que producen daños que varían desde necrosis, de distintos grados de severidad, por la acción mecánica producida durante la alimentación y/u oviposición, hasta intensas infecciones provocadas por su capacidad de transmitir virus y otros patógenos. La familia Delphacidae, que incluye alrededor de 2000 especies, constituye una de las más numerosas y de reconocido interés fitosanitario. Por el número de especies implicadas en la vehiculización de virus en los principales cereales de valor alimentario y por los graves efectos que provocan, ocupa el tercer lugar en orden de importancia. Son numerosas las investigaciones orientadas a interpretar la actividad alimentaria de varias especies de auquenorrincos que, en países como Japón, Estados Unidos de Norteamérica e Italia, han provocado graves disminuciones en la producción de los cultivos de mayor interés económico, especialmente sobre arroz, maíz y trigo. Este aspecto, considerado como uno de los elementos clave para el manejo y control de las plagas, permite determinar los daños directos causados durante el acto alimentario y detectar la fuente de alimentación como vía de transmisión de patógenos, hecho éste de relevante significancia epidemiológica. No obstante, nada se conoce sobre el accionar de las especies de delfácidos nativas que constituyen una de las más serias plagas en el agroecosistema maíz de la Argentina. En esta investigación se abordan diferentes aspectos de la conducta alimentaria de Delphacodes kuscheli Fennah, 1955 especie vectora del “Mal de Río Cuarto del maíz”, enfermedad virósica que afecta a varias especies de cereales en la República Argentina y provoca cuantiosas pérdidas económicas.

Food quality affects wing-form, demographic traits and number of yeast-like symbionts (YLS) in the planthopper vector,Delphacodes kuscheli(Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E. Brentassi ◽  
Arnaldo Maciá ◽  
Daniela de la Fuente ◽  
María E. Cano ◽  
Ana M. Marino de Remes Lenicov
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Wing Form ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Delphacodes Kuscheli

Efficacy of Different Level of Systemic Fungicides on Management of Rice Blast at Baitadi, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Ashok Acharya ◽  
Prabin Ghimire ◽  
Dhurba Raj Joshi ◽  
Kishor Shrestha ◽  
Govinda Sijapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Systemic Fungicide ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Different Levels

Rice blast (Pyriculariaoryzae Cavara) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the rice crop in across the world. Systemic fungicides are used for the suppression of blast diseases caused by fungal pathogens. Propiconazole and Carbendazim are commercial chemical control products available in markets for the control of the fungal pathogen. An experiment was conducted to examine the effectiveness of systemic fungicide on suppression of rice blast incidence in farmers' field during wet seasons in 2016. The treatments consisted of the use of different levels of propiconazole and Carbendazim on ‘Rato Basmati’ a landrace rice variety. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The disease was scored according to the standard scale developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Disease severity and Area under Disease Progressive curve (AUDPC) was computed based on that scale score. Propiconazole and Carbendazim at different levels reduce disease development than no treatment (control). But its efficacy was not consistent. The magnitude of disease suppression by Propiconazole was high as compared to Carbendazim. The application of propiconazole at the rate of 1.5 ml effectively reduced disease severity and AUDPC at different dates. So propiconazole at the rate of 1.5 ml thrice at weekly intervals is effective to reduce the disease development

scholarly journals Assessing Systemicity of Peanut Fungicides Through Bioassay of Plant Tissues with Sclerotium rolfsii

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Augusto ◽  
T. B. Brenneman
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Primary Lateral

To better understand movement of systemic fungicides in peanut (Arachis hypogaea), three terminal, fully expanded leaves of primary lateral branches of ‘Tifrunner’ peanut were treated with prothioconazole + tebuconazole (Provost, 0.29 kg a.i./ha), azoxystrobin (Abound, 0.31 kg a.i./ha), or flutolanil (Moncut, 0.79 kg a.i./ha) in field experiments. Basipetal leaves and pods on the same branch with the treated leaves were sequentially numbered from 1 to 3, with 1 being closest to treated foliage. These nontreated tissues, with newly formed terminal leaves, were sampled 4, 8, and 12 days after treatment for bioassay with Sclerotium rolfsii. All fungicides protected new acropetal leaves while prothioconazole + tebuconazole also provided some inhibition of S. rolfsii in nontreated basipetal leaves but no fungicide protected pods. In the greenhouse, applications of prothioconazole + tebuconazole or prothioconazole (Proline, 0.18 kg a.i./ha) to main stems of ‘Georgia Green’ provided some protection to leaves from nontreated cotyledonary branches sampled 14 days after last treatment but S. rolfsii was not inhibited on nontreated roots, stems, or pods. The results demonstrate acropetal protection by all fungicides evaluated, and indicate that prothioconazole + tebuconazole or prothioconazole applied to foliage can sometimes reduce diseases in the lower, nontreated portions of the plant.

scholarly journals Effects of some systemic fungicides on the chiasma frequencies in Hordeum vulgare.

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. S. R. Sharma ◽  
B. N. Behera ◽  
D. S. S. Raju ◽  
B. G. S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Systemic Fungicides

scholarly journals Tank mixtures of pesticides for plant protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
M. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Interaction Of Components ◽  
Active Substances

Today, chemical plant protection methods are based on the safe use of pesticides. Environmental and toxicological effects are taken into account. To expand the possibilities of pest control, diseases and weeds, in the cultivation of crops, use tank mixtures that contain two or three active substances. In the preparation of mixtures take into account the processes of interaction of components and timing of application of drugs. In addition, this technique is one of the elements of the strategy to overcome the resistance of pests to insecticides, pathogens — to systemic fungicides, weeds — to herbicides.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment With Systemic Fungicides: Time for Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulla S. Ayesha ◽  
Trichur S. Suryanarayanan ◽  
Karaba N. Nataraja ◽  
Siddegowda Rajendra Prasad ◽  
Ramanan Uma Shaanker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Systemic Fungicide ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Seed Endophytes

Pre-sowing seed treatment with systemic fungicides is a firmly entrenched practice for most agricultural crops worldwide. The treatment is intended to protect the crop against seed- and soil-borne diseases. In recent years, there is increasing evidence that fungicidal applications to manage diseases might inadvertently also affect non-target organisms, such as endophytes. Endophytes are ubiquitously present in plants and contribute to plant growth and development besides offering resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In seeds, endophytes may play a role in seed development, seed germination, seedling establishment and crop performance. In this paper, we review the recent literature on non-target effects of fungicidal applications on endophytic fungal community and discuss the possible consequences of indiscriminate seed treatment with systemic fungicide on seed endophytes. It is now well recognized that endophytes are ubiquitously present in all parts of the plant, including the seeds. They may be transmitted vertically from seed to seed as in many grasses and/or acquired horizontally from the soil and the environment. Though the origins and evolution of these organisms in plants are a matter of conjecture, numerous studies have shown that they symbiotically aid in plant growth and development, in nutrient acquisition as well in protecting the plants from abiotic and biotic stresses. Against this background, it is reasonable to assume that the use of systemic fungicides in seed treatment may not only affect the seed endophytes but also their attendant benefits to seedling growth and establishment. While there is evidence to indicate that fungicidal applications to manage plant diseases also affect foliar endophytes, there are only few studies that have documented the effect of seed treatment on seed-borne endophytes. Some of the convincing examples of the latter come from studies on the effect of fungicide application on rye grass seed endophyte AR37. More recently, experiments have shown that removal of seed endophytes by treatment with systemic fungicides leads to significant loss of seedling vigour and that such losses could be partially restored by enriching the seedlings with the lost endophytes. Put together, these studies reinforce the importance of seed endophytes to seedling growth and establishment and draw attention on how to trade the balance between the benefits of seed treatments and the direct and indirect costs incurred due to loss of endophytes. Among several approaches, use of reduced-risk fungicides and identifying fungicide-resistant endophytes are suggested to sustain the endophyte contribution to early seedling growth.

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