Population structure and incidence of the stolbur phytoplasma vector Hyalesthes obsoletus (Cixiidae) among geographic regions in Switzerland

2013 ◽  
Vol 137 (8) ◽  
pp. 589-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Maniyar ◽  
P. Kehrli ◽  
J. Johannesen
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Phytoplasma Vector ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Stolbur Phytoplasma ◽  
Hyalesthes Obsoletus

scholarly journals Crepis foetida L.: New host plant of cixiid planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret 1865 (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), vector of stolbur phytoplasma

Zastita bilja ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kosovac ◽  
Miljana Jakovljević ◽  
Oliver Krstić ◽  
Tatjana Cvrković ◽  
Milana Mitrović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
New Host ◽  
Stolbur Phytoplasma ◽  
Crepis Foetida ◽  
Hyalesthes Obsoletus

scholarly journals Origin, Genetic Diversity, and Population Structure of Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Auma Owuor ◽  
Edward George Mamati ◽  
Remmy Wekesa Kasili
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Geographic Regions

To evaluate the origin, genetic diversity, and population structure of domesticated rabbits in Kenya, a 263-base pair region of mtDNA D-loop region of 111 rabbits sampled from Kakamega, Vihiga, and Bungoma counties in the western region, Laikipia and Nyandarua counties in the central region, and Kitui, Machakos, and Makueni in the eastern region of the country were analyzed. The average haplotype (0.40702) and nucleotide (0.01494) diversities observed were low, indicating low genetic diversity of domesticated rabbits in Kenya. This study resolved 5 unique haplotypes in the mtDNA D-loop region. A population genetic structure distinguishing Europe grouping and domesticated rabbits in Kenya was obtained on incorporating 32 known haplotypes. Domesticated rabbits in Kenya clustered together with rabbits from other geographic regions, suggesting common origin. The results suggested that the Kenyan domesticated rabbits may have originated from Europe. Integration of exotic breeds into breeding programmes could have contributed to the low genetic diversity. These results provide useful information for breeding and conservation decisions by the relevant stakeholders in the agriculture industry in Kenya.

scholarly journals Population structure in the MHC region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre S Marostica ◽  
Kelly Nunes ◽  
Erick C Castelli ◽  
Nayara SB Silva ◽  
Bruce Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Human Diversity ◽  
Hla Alleles ◽  
Hla Genes ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Genomic Regions

In his 1972 "The apportionment of human diversity", Richard Lewontin showed that, when averaged over loci, genetic diversity is predominantly attributable to differences among individuals within populations. However, selection on specific genes and genomic regions can alter the apportionment of diversity. We examine genetic diversity at the HLA loci, located within the MHC region. HLA genes code for proteins that are critical to adaptive immunity and are well-documented targets of balancing selection. The SNPs within HLA genes show strong signatures of balancing selection on large timescales and are broadly shared among populations, with low FST values. However, when we analyze haplotypes defined by these SNPs (i.e., which define "HLA alleles"), we find marked differences in frequencies between geographic regions. These differences are not reflected in the FST values because of the extreme polymorphism at HLA loci, illustrating challenges in interpreting FST. Differences in the frequency of HLA alleles among geographic regions are relevant to bone-marrow transplantation, which requires genetic identity at HLA loci between patient and donor. We explore the case of Brazil's bone-marrow registry, where a deficit of enrolled volunteers with African ancestry reduces the chance of finding donors for individuals with an MHC region of African ancestry.

Vector activity of Hyalesthes obsoletus living on nettles and transmitting a stolbur phytoplasma to grapevines: a case study

2007 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bressan ◽  
R. Turata ◽  
M. Maixner ◽  
S. Spiazzi ◽  
E. Boudon-Padieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Activity ◽  
Stolbur Phytoplasma ◽  
Hyalesthes Obsoletus

scholarly journals A Monomorphic Haplotype of Chromosome Ia Is Associated with Widespread Success in Clonal and Nonclonal Populations of Toxoplasma gondii

mBio ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asis Khan ◽  
Natalie Miller ◽  
David S. Roos ◽  
J. P. Dubey ◽  
Daniel Ajzenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Sexual Recombination ◽  
Geographic Regions

ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite of animals that also causes a zoonotic infection in humans. Previous studies have revealed a strongly clonal population structure that is shared between North America and Europe, while South American strains show greater genetic diversity and evidence of sexual recombination. The common inheritance of a monomorphic version of chromosome Ia (referred to as ChrIa*) among three clonal lineages from North America and Europe suggests that inheritance of this chromosome might underlie their recent clonal expansion. To further examine the diversity and distribution of ChrIa, we have analyzed additional strains with greater geographic diversity. Our findings reveal that the same haplotype of ChrIa* is found in the clonal lineages from North America and Europe and in older lineages in South America, where sexual recombination is more common. Although lineages from all three continents harbor the same conserved ChrIa* haplotype, strains from North America and Europe are genetically separate from those in South America, and these respective geographic regions show limited evidence of recent mixing. Genome-wide, array-based profiling of polymorphisms provided evidence for an ancestral flow from particular older southern lineages that gave rise to the clonal lineages now dominant in the north. Collectively, these data indicate that ChrIa* is widespread among nonclonal strains in South America and has more recently been associated with clonal expansion of specific lineages in North America and Europe. These findings have significant implications for the spread of genetic loci influencing transmission and virulence in pathogen populations. IMPORTANCE Understanding parasite population structure is important for evaluating the potential spread of pathogenicity determinants between different geographic regions. Examining the genetic makeup of different isolates of Toxoplasma gondii from around the world revealed that chromosome Ia is highly homogeneous among lineages that predominate on different continents and within genomes that were otherwise quite divergent. This pattern of recent shared ancestry is highly unusual and suggests that some gene(s) found on this chromosome imparts an unusual fitness advantage that has resulted in its recent spread. Although the basis for the conservation of this particularly homogeneous chromosome is unknown, it may have implications for the transmission of infection and spread of human disease.

scholarly journals Population Structure of Spodoptera frugiperda Collected in Maize from Different Brazilian Geographic Regions

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-315
Author(s):  
I.R.P. Souza ◽  
S.M. Mendes ◽  
H.A. Rafael ◽  
B.A. Barros ◽  
M.O. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Geographic Regions

scholarly journals Widespread plant specialization in the polyphagous planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus (Cixiidae), a major vector of stolbur phytoplasma: Evidence of cryptic speciation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e0196969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kosovac ◽  
Jes Johannesen ◽  
Oliver Krstić ◽  
Milana Mitrović ◽  
Tatjana Cvrković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Speciation ◽  
Stolbur Phytoplasma ◽  
Hyalesthes Obsoletus

scholarly journals Simple sequence repeat markers revealed genetic divergence and population structure of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus] collections of diverse geographic origin

2020 ◽  
pp. 1032-1041
Author(s):  
Wassu Mohammed ◽  
Beyene Amelework ◽  
Hussein Shimelis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Simple Sequence

The study was carried out to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of okra collections from diverse geographic origin using selected polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Thirty-two okra accessions collected from three geographic regions were genotyped using 16 selected SSR markers. The SSR markers generated a total of 71 loci of which 67% were polymorphic. Genetic distances among accessions ranged from 2.2 to 7.1, with a mean of 4.65. Gene diversity ranged from 0.10 to 0.78 with a mean of 0.52. Genetic clustering classified the accessions into three major clusters and four sub-clusters. Each cluster and sub-cluster consisted of accessions derived from different sources. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 67%, 81% and 83% of the total genetic variation detected was found within populations of geographic origin, altitude and collection district, respectively. The observed moderate to high population differentiation could partly be attributed to limited germplasm exchange, agro-ecological differences, and partly by selection pressure. The present study revealed the presence of high genetic diversity and population divergence among okra collections from Ethiopia. The study demonstrated that a collection strategy for conservation of okra genetic resources should focus on sampling of representative genotypes covering wide geographic regions and altitudinal ranges of target agro-ecologies.

scholarly journals First report of potato stolbur phytoplasma in hemipterans in southern Moravia − Short Communication

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Březíková ◽  
Š. Linhartová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Southern Moravia ◽  
Stolbur Phytoplasma ◽  
Hyalesthes Obsoletus

In 2005, the first screening tests to confirm the presence of potato stolbur phytoplasma in hemipterans by the PCR method were carried out to determine the spectrum of possible vector species for further analyses. Potato stolbur phytoplasma was confirmed in two out of five tested individuals of <I>Hyalesthes obsoletus</I> and in one mixed sample (10 individuals) from 17 tested samples of <I>Lygus</I> spp. As far as we know this is the first occurrence of potato stolbur phytoplasma in <I>Hyalesthes obsoletus</I> and <I>Lygus</I> spp. confirmed by the PCR method in the Czech Republic.

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