scholarly journals Evolution of increased adult longevity in Drosophila melanogaster populations selected for adaptation to larval crowding

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Shenoi ◽  
S. Z. Ali ◽  
N. G. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Larval Crowding

scholarly journals Monoassociation withLactobacillus plantarumDisrupts Intestinal Homeostasis in AdultDrosophila melanogaster

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fast ◽  
Aashna Duggal ◽  
Edan Foley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions

ABSTRACTAdultDrosophila melanogasterraised in the absence of symbiotic bacteria have fewer intestinal stem cell divisions and a longer life span than their conventionally reared counterparts. However, we do not know if increased stem cell divisions are essential for symbiont-dependent regulation of longevity. To determine if individual symbionts cause aging-dependent death inDrosophila, we examined the impacts of common symbionts on host longevity. We found that monoassociation of adultDrosophilawithLactobacillus plantarum, a widely reported fly symbiont and member of the probioticLactobacillusgenus, curtails adult longevity relative to germfree counterparts. The effects ofLactobacillus plantarumon life span were independent of intestinal aging. Instead, we found that association withLactobacillus plantarumcauses an extensive intestinal pathology within the host, characterized by loss of stem cells, impaired epithelial renewal, and a gradual erosion of epithelial ultrastructure. Our study uncovers an unknown aspect ofLactobacillus plantarum-Drosophilainteractions and establishes a simple model to characterize symbiont-dependent disruption of intestinal homeostasis.IMPORTANCEUnder homeostatic conditions, gut bacteria provide molecular signals that support the organization and function of the host intestine. Sudden shifts in the composition or distribution of gut bacterial communities impact host receipt of bacterial cues and disrupt tightly regulated homeostatic networks. We used theDrosophila melanogastermodel to determine the effects of prominent fly symbionts on host longevity and intestinal homeostasis. We found that monoassociation withLactobacillus plantarumleads to a loss of intestinal progenitor cells, impaired epithelial renewal, and disruption of gut architecture as flies age. These observations uncover a novel phenotype caused by monoassociation of a germfree host with a common symbiont and establish a simple model to characterize symbiont-dependent loss of intestinal homeostasis.

EFFECTS OF PROLONGED COLONIZATION, CROWDING, AND STARVATION ON DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL RATES OF CABBAGE LOOPERS, TRICHOPLUSIA NI (HUBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Tignor ◽  
J. L. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cabbage Looper ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Larval Crowding ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The effect of colonization, crowding, and starvation on the development of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, was investigated. Differences in development time, pupal weight, mortality rate, and adult longevity between a laboratory and field colony were minimal. These differences are believed to be correctable through minimization of selection and precautions against pathogenic contamination during rearing, as well as, regular introduction of field collected insects into the laboratory colony. Stress produced by larval crowding and starvation in the laboratory colony produced a longer development time, increased mortality, and reduced pupal weight. Cannabalism of larvae, prepupae, and pupae was noted at higher crowding and starvation (stress) levels. Increased adult longevity at higher stress levels was also observed.

Drosophila melanogaster males evolve increased courtship as a correlated response to larval crowding

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinesh Naresh Shenoi ◽  
Sayatri Mustafi Banerjee ◽  
Brindha Guruswamy ◽  
Sharmi Sen ◽  
Syed Zeeshan Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Larval Crowding

scholarly journals Larval density affects phenotype and surrounding bacterial community without altering gut microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Henry ◽  
P Tarapacki ◽  
H Colinet
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Larval Crowding ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Larval crowding represents a complex stressful situation arising from inter-individual competition for time- and space-limited resources. The foraging of a large number of individuals may alter the chemical and bacterial composition of food and in turn affect individual's traits. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster to explore these assumptions. First, we used a wide larval density gradient to investigate the impact of crowding on phenotypical traits. We confirmed that high densities increased development time and pupation height, and decreased viability and body mass. Next, we measured concentrations of common metabolic wastes (ammonia, uric acid) and characterized bacterial communities, both in food and in larvae, for three contrasting larval densities (low, medium and high). Ammonia concentration increased in food from medium and high larval densities, but remained low in larvae regardless of the larval density. Uric acid did not accumulate in food but was detected in larvae. Surprisingly, bacterial composition remained stable in guts of larvae whatever their rearing density, although it drastically changed in the food. Overall, these results indicate that crowding deeply affects individuals, and also their abiotic and biotic surroundings. Environmental bacterial communities likely adapt to altered nutritional situations resulting from crowding, putatively acting as scavengers of larval metabolic wastes.

The influence of larval crowding on the development time of populations of Drosophila melanogaster on chemically defined medium

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrie Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Medium ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Larval Crowding ◽  
New Formula

Work with Drosophila melanogaster, cultured on chemically defined amino acid medium, showed that at extreme larval densities the average time to pupation and eclosion of the survivors of the insect population is a decreasing function of the initial density. Evidence is presented which illustrates that at extreme densities larval development rate is significantly increased. Possible causes of this phenomenon are cited. It is stressed, however, that a very complex situation exists and more experimentation, particularly biochemical analysis, will be necessary to arrive at the proper causative factors. A new formula is presented for a chemically defined medium for Drosophila melanogaster, and detailed methods of preparation given. The new formula will support an estimated 200 larvae through complete development to adult flies on 5 ml of medium. It is thought that the system utilizing the development of Drosophila melanogaster on chemically defined amino acid medium is a fundamental one for the experimental analysis of developing insect populations.

Penicillin Impact on Survivorship, Development, and Adult Longevity of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-569
Author(s):  
Gökçe Üstündağ ◽  
Kemal Büyükgüzel ◽  
Ender Büyükgüzel
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic

Abstract Survivorship, developmental period, and adult longevity of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae), exposed to penicillin G, a beta-lactam antibiotic, was determined in laboratory testing. In the study, neonate larvae were placed and reared on dietary antibiotics at concentrations of 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/L. All penicillin concentrations significantly decreased survivorship in an inverse relationship with third instars, pupae, and adults. Larvae fed on control diets of 0 mg/L of penicillin had a survival level of 91.00 ± 3.27% to third instar and pupation, and 89.00 ± 4.09% to adult emergence. Feeding on a diet containing the highest concentration of penicillin (800 mg/L) significantly decreased survivorship to third instar to 11.00 ± 2.59% (χ2 = 128.051; df = 1; P = 0.0001) and to pupation (χ2 = 131.233; df = 1; P = 0.0001) and adult emergence to approximately 10.00 ± 1.00% (χ2 = 124.832; df = 1; P = 0.0001). The highest concentration of dietary penicillin (800 mg/L) also significantly prolonged developmental time from neonate to third instars by 1.5 d (F = 17.229; df = 4; P = 0.0001) and from neonate to adult emergence by 3 d (F = 2.004; df = 4; P = 0.032). Compared to the control group, adult longevity was significantly reduced by the antibiotic in a dose-related manner. The use of this antibiotic in insect artificial rearing enables an extensive search of possible insecticidal action of penicillin with high dietary levels for agricultural purposes.

Effect of larval crowding on adult mating behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster

Heredity ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Ribó ◽  
J Ocaña ◽  
A Prevosti
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Larval Crowding
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