scholarly journals Stable eusociality via maternal manipulation when resistance is costless

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 2208-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. González-Forero
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Manipulation

scholarly journals Support for maternal manipulation of developmental nutrition in a facultatively eusocial bee, Megalopta genalis (Halictidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Kapheim ◽  
Sandra P. Bernal ◽  
Adam R. Smith ◽  
Peter Nonacs ◽  
William T. Wcislo
Keyword(s):  
Megalopta Genalis ◽  
Maternal Manipulation

scholarly journals Stable eusociality via maternal manipulation when resistance is costless

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio González-Forero
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Honest Signaling ◽  
Queen Pheromones ◽  
Honest Signals ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Maternal Manipulation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Eusocial Species

In many eusocial species, queens use pheromones to influence offspring to express worker phenotypes. While evidence suggests that queen pheromones are honest signals of the queen's reproductive health, here I show that queen's honest signaling can result from ancestral maternal manipulation. I develop a mathematical model to study the coevolution of maternal manipulation, offspring resistance to manipulation, and maternal resource allocation. I assume that (1) maternal manipulation causes offspring to be workers against offspring's interests; (2) offspring can resist at no direct cost, as is thought to be the case with pheromonal manipulation; and (3) the mother chooses how much resource to allocate to fertility and maternal care. In the coevolution of these traits, I find that maternal care decreases, thereby increasing the benefit that offspring obtain from help, which in the long run eliminates selection for resistance. Consequently, ancestral maternal manipulation yields stable eusociality despite costless resistance. Additionally, ancestral manipulation in the long run becomes honest signaling that induces offspring to help. These results indicate that both eusociality and its commonly associated queen honest signaling can be likely to originate from ancestral manipulation.

Cryptic male choice: experimental evidence of sperm sex ratio and seminal fluid adjustment in relation to coital rate

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Edwards ◽  
E. Z. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Maternal Manipulation ◽  
Seminal Fluids

The differential allocation hypothesis suggests that a mother should adjust the sex of offspring in relation to her mate’s attractiveness, thereby increasing future reproductive fitness when her sons inherit the attractive traits. More attractive males have been shown to sire more sons, but it is possible that the sex ratio skew could be a result of paternal rather than maternal manipulation, which would be a more parsimonious explanation. We manipulated coital rate (an indicator of attractiveness) in laboratory mice and showed that males that mate more often have higher levels of glucose in their semen despite lower blood glucose levels. Since peri-conceptual glucose levels in utero increase male conceptus survival, this could result in male-biased sex ratios. The males that mated most also had more remaining X-chromosome-bearing-spermatozoa, suggesting depletion of Y-chromosome-bearing-spermatozoa during mating. We hypothesise that males may alter both seminal fluids and X : Y ratios in an ejaculate to influence subsequent sex ratios. Our results further support a paternal role in sex allocation.

Evolution of viviparity in cold-climate lizards: testing the maternal manipulation hypothesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Yan-Fu Qu ◽  
Rui-Bin Hu ◽  
Xiang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Cold Climate ◽  
Maternal Manipulation

Facultative sex allocation in the viviparous lizard Eulamprus tympanum, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie A. Robert ◽  
Michael B. Thompson ◽  
Frank Seebacher
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sex Allocation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Maternal Manipulation

Females of the Australian scincid lizard Eulamprus tympanum can manipulate the sex of their offspring in response to gender imbalances in the population using temperature-dependent sex determination. Here we show that when adult males are scarce females produced male-biased litters and when adult males were common females produced female-biased litters. The cues used by a female to assess the adult population are not known but presumably depend upon her experience throughout the breeding season. Maternal manipulation of the sex ratio of the offspring in E. tympanum illustrates a selective advantage of temperature-dependent sex determination in a viviparous species.

scholarly journals An evolutionary resolution of manipulation conflict

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio González-Forero
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Delayed Dispersal ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Maternal Manipulation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Cost

Individuals can manipulate the behavior of social partners. However, manipulation may conflict with the fitness interests of the manipulated individuals. Manipulated individuals can then be favored to resist manipulation, possibly reducing or eliminating the manipulated behavior in the long run. I use a mathematical model to show that conflicts where manipulation and resistance coevolve can disappear as a result of the coevolutionary process. I find that while manipulated individuals are selected to resist, they can simultaneously be favored to express the manipulated behavior at higher efficiency (i.e., providing increasing fitness effects to recipients of the manipulated behavior). Efficiency can increase to a point at which selection for resistance disappears. This process yields an efficient social behavior that is induced by social partners, and over which the inducing and induced individuals are no longer in conflict. A necessary factor is costly inefficiency. I develop the model to address the evolution of advanced eusociality via maternal manipulation (AEMM). The model predicts AEMM to be particularly likely in taxa with ancestrally imperfect resistance to maternal manipulation. Costly inefficiency occurs if the cost of delayed dispersal is larger than the benefit of exploiting the maternal patch. I discuss broader implications of the process. Now published in: Evolution, doi:10.1111/evo.12420

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