scholarly journals Sex differences in the effects of juvenile and adult diet on age-dependent reproductive effort

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Houslay ◽  
J. Hunt ◽  
M. C. Tinsley ◽  
L. F. Bussière
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Adult Diet

Abstract 055: Sex Differences in the Development of Age-Dependent Hypertension and the Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco J Puleo ◽  
Alissa A Frame ◽  
Parul Chaudhary ◽  
Richard D Wainford
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Age Dependent

scholarly journals Sex differences in lizard escape decisions vary with latitude, but not sexual dimorphism

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1805) ◽  
pp. 20150050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo S. M. Samia ◽  
Anders Pape Møller ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein ◽  
Theodore Stankowich ◽  
William E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Specific Behaviour ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection ◽  
Predator Behaviour ◽  
Latitudinal Effect

Sexual selection is a powerful evolutionary mechanism that has shaped the physiology, behaviour and morphology of the sexes to the extent that it can reduce viability while promoting traits that enhance reproductive success. Predation is one of the underlying mechanisms accounting for viability costs of sexual displays. Therefore, we should expect that individuals of the two sexes adjust their anti-predator behaviour in response to changes in predation risk. We conducted a meta-analysis of 28 studies (42 species) of sex differences in risk-taking behaviour in lizards and tested whether these differences could be explained by sexual dichromatism, by sexual size dimorphism or by latitude. Latitude was the best predictor of the interspecific heterogeneity in sex-specific behaviour. Males did not change their escape behaviour with latitude, whereas females had increasingly reduced wariness at higher latitudes. We hypothesize that this sex difference in risk-taking behaviour is linked to sex-specific environmental constraints that more strongly affect the reproductive effort of females than males. This novel latitudinal effect on sex-specific anti-predator behaviour has important implications for responses to climate change and for the relative roles of natural and sexual selection in different species.

Sex differences in survival of cutaneous melanoma are age dependent

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liljana Mervic ◽  
Ulrike Leiter ◽  
Friedegund Meier ◽  
Thomas Eigentler ◽  
Andrea Forschner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Age Dependent

scholarly journals Effects of juvenile and adult diet on ageing and reproductive effort of male and female black field crickets,Teleogryllus commodus

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Zajitschek ◽  
John Hunt ◽  
Michael D. Jennions ◽  
Matthew D. Hall ◽  
Robert C. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Teleogryllus Commodus ◽  
Black Field ◽  
Adult Diet

Older conservatives: reproduction in female Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) is increasingly risk-averse with age

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morin ◽  
M. Rughetti ◽  
S. Rioux-Paquette ◽  
M. Festa-Bianchet
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Costs Of Reproduction ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Terminal Investment ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Alpine Chamois ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Investment Hypothesis

In long-lived mammals, costs of reproduction may vary with age. The terminal investment hypothesis predicts greater reproductive effort as females approach the end of their life expectancy. We monitored 97 individually marked female Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra (L., 1758)) between 2007 and 2013 to determine how age-specific reproduction affected body mass and subsequent reproductive success. We captured and weighed females between April and August and monitored reproductive success from April to October through mother–kid associations. Reproductive success was strongly age-dependent and peaked at 70% for prime-aged females (4–7 years). Reproductive senescence began at 8 years, earlier than reported by other studies of ungulates. There was no clear evidence of reproductive costs in any age class. Reproductive success was very heterogeneous for old females, suggesting variability in the onset of senescence. Old females were less likely to reproduce in poor years despite being heavier than prime-aged females, suggesting reproductive restraint in late life rather than terminal investment. Female mass remained stable from May to August with no effect of lactation. Our results suggest that chamois reproductive strategy becomes increasingly conservative with age, resulting in no detectable costs of reproduction.

Age-independent and age-dependent sex differences in gait pattern determined by principal component analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroaki Hobara ◽  
Thijs A. Heldoorn ◽  
Makiko Kouchi ◽  
Masaaki Mochimaru
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Age Independent

Sex differences in the pattern of age-dependent increase in the BMI from 20-59 years

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Welon ◽  
Alicja Szklarska ◽  
Tadeusz Bielicki ◽  
Robert M. Malina
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Age Dependent

scholarly journals Does male reproductive effort increase with age? Courtship in fiddler crabs

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20121078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Hayes ◽  
Isobel Booksmythe ◽  
Michael D. Jennions ◽  
Patricia R. Y. Backwell
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Female Preference ◽  
Age Dependence ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Fiddler Crabs ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Uca Annulipes ◽  
Female Presence ◽  
Male Reproductive Effort

Theory suggests that reproductive effort generally increases with age, but life-history models indicate that other outcomes are possible. Empirical data are needed to quantify variation in actual age-dependence. Data are readily attainable for females (e.g. clutch per egg size), but not for males (e.g. courtship effort). To quantify male effort one must: (i) experimentally control for potential age-dependent changes in female presence; and, crucially, (ii) distinguish between the likelihood of courtship being initiated, the display rate, and the total time invested in courting before stopping (‘courtship persistence’). We provide a simple experimental protocol, suitable for many taxa, to illustrate how to obtain this information. We studied courtship waving by male fiddler crabs, Uca annulipes . Given indeterminate growth, body size is correlated with age. Larger males were more likely to wave at females and waved more persistently. They did not, however, have a higher courtship rate (waves per second). A known female preference for males with higher display rates explains why, once waving is initiated, all males display at the same rate.

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