scholarly journals An introduction to the methods of decision‐analytic modelling used in economic evaluations for Dermatologists

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1829-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. McManus ◽  
T.H. Sach ◽  
N.J. Levell
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Decision Analytic Modelling

Quality of health economic evaluations submitted to the Italian Medicines Agency: current state and future actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-568
Author(s):  
Angelica Carletto ◽  
Matteo Zanuzzi ◽  
Annalisa Sammarco ◽  
Pierluigi Russo
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Relevant Alternatives ◽  
Current State ◽  
Decision Analytic Modelling ◽  
Life Years

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the current state of health economic evaluations (HEEs) submitted by pharmaceutical companies to the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) as part of their pricing and reimbursement (P&R) dossiers, and to explore potential future actions in order to enhance their quality.MethodsAll company dossiers submitted from October 2016 to December 2018 were reviewed to select those containing pharmacoeconomic studies. The general characteristics of HEEs were described and their quality assessed based on a checklist adapted from Philips et al. (Review of guidelines for good practice in decision-analytic modelling in health technology assessment. Health Technol Assess. 2004;8: 1–158).ResultsOf the 299 dossiers submitted to AIFA, 105 included one or more pharmacoeconomic studies, of which fifty-three were cost-effectiveness analyses. Overall, the compliance of the HEEs with the quality checklist was highly variable: some studies reached high methodological standards whereas others had serious flaws (mean 59.22 percent, range 19.35–90.32 percent). The main weaknesses were the unjustified exclusion of relevant alternatives, poor description and justification of model data and assumptions, and insufficient exploration of uncertainty and study validity. Non-homogeneity across studies was found in study perspectives, discount rates, methods for costing, estimating quality-adjusted life-years and conducting sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsBased on the results of this study, the recommended actions for increasing the quality of HEEs within reimbursement submissions in Italy are twofold: first, to set methodological standards for conducting and reporting HEEs; second, to strengthen the internal assessment process, also through the acquisition of companies' models and re-evaluation of results. These actions will hopefully provide greater contribution to the evidence-based P&R decision making.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Decision Analytic Modelling in Economic Evaluations of Low Back Pain and Sciatica

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Hall ◽  
Kika Konstantinou ◽  
Martyn Lewis ◽  
Raymond Oppong ◽  
Reuben Ogollah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Decision Analytic Modelling

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of the Beni Suef City Wastewater Treatment Plant

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fadel
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Shock Load ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Trickling Filter

Many of Egypt's cities have existing treatment plants under operation that have been constructed before 1970. Almost all of these treatment plants now need rehabilitation and upgrading to extend their services for a longer period. One of these plants is the Beni Suef City Wastewater Treatment Plant. The Beni Suef WWTP was constructed in 1956. It has primary treatment followed by secondary treatment employing intermediate rate trickling filters. The BOD, COD, and SS concentration levels are relatively high. They are approximately 800, 1100, and 600 mg/litre, respectively. The Beni Suef city required the determination of the level of work needed for the rehabilitation and upgrading of the existing 200 l/s plant and to extend its capacity to 440 l/s at year 2000 A description of the existing units, their deficiencies and operation problems, and the required rehabilitation are presented and discussed in this paper. Major problems facing the upgrading were the lack of space for expansion and the shortage of funds. It was, therefore, necessary to study several alternative solutions and methods of treatment. The choice of alternatives was from one of the following schemes: a) changing the filter medium, its mode of operation and increasing the number of units, b) changing the trickling filter to high rate and combining it with the activated sludge process, for operation by one of several possible combinations such as: trickling filter-solids contact, roughing filter-activated sludge, and trickling filter-activated sludge process, c) dividing the flow into two parts, the first part to be treated using the existing system and the second part to be treated by activated sludge process, and d) expanding the existing system by increasing the numbers of the different process units. The selection of the alternative was based on technical, operational and economic evaluations. The different alternatives were compared on the basis of system costs, shock load handling, treatment plant operation and predicted effluent quality. The flow schemes for the alternatives are presented. The methodology of selecting the best alternative is discussed. From the study it was concluded that the first alternative is the most reliable from the point of view of costs, handling shock load, and operation.

scholarly journals Correction to: Economic Evaluations of Childhood Hearing Loss Screening Programmes: A Systematic Review and Critique

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-419
Author(s):  
Rajan Sharma ◽  
Yuanyuan Gu ◽  
Teresa Y. C. Ching ◽  
Vivienne Marnane ◽  
Bonny Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Childhood Hearing Loss

Looking forward and looking backward: Economic evaluations and regime support in China

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572198954
Author(s):  
Yida Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Psychological Mechanism ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Regime Support

It is widely acknowledged that the economic situation is of vital importance for the stability of an authoritarian regime, but it is rarely known how the public’s economic evaluation contributes to such outcomes. This study examines the effects of citizens’ retrospective and prospective evaluations of their household economic situation and the national economy on the level of regime support in China. The findings show that the national economy outweighs household economic conditions in its effects on the public’s support of the regime. However, the gap between evaluations of the national economy and individual economic situations debilitates regime support. The population in different age cohorts has distinct patterns of relationships between retrospective and prospective economic evaluations and regime support. This study elucidates the political-psychological mechanism of the public’s economic evaluation affecting regime support, and the ruling strategy in authoritarian regimes of manipulating this evaluation.

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