scholarly journals High sodium intake increases blood pressure and risk of kidney disease. From the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (August 2016 to March 2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1654-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Malta ◽  
Kristina S. Petersen ◽  
Claire Johnson ◽  
Kathy Trieu ◽  
Sarah Rae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake

Renal and cardiac oxidative/nitrosative stress in salt-loaded pregnant rat

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. R1657-R1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Beauséjour ◽  
Véronique Houde ◽  
Karine Bibeau ◽  
Rébecca Gaudet ◽  
Jean St-Louis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cardiac Ventricle

Sodium supplementation given for 1 wk to nonpregnant rats induces changes that are adequate to maintain renal and circulatory homeostasis as well as arterial blood pressure. However, in pregnant rats, proteinuria, fetal growth restriction, and placental oxidative stress are observed. Moreover, the decrease in blood pressure and expansion of circulatory volume, normally associated with pregnancy, are prevented by high-sodium intake. We hypothesized that, in these pregnant rats, a loss of the balance between prooxidation and antioxidation, particularly in kidneys and heart, disturbs the normal course of pregnancy and leads to manifestations such as gestational hypertension. We thus investigated the presence of oxidative/nitrosative stress in heart and kidneys following high-sodium intake in pregnant rats. Markers of this stress [8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and nitrotyrosine], producer of nitric oxide [nitric oxide synthases (NOSs)], and antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase] were measured. Then, molecules (Na+-K+-ATPase and aconitase) or process [apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2), inflammation (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, connective tissue growth factor, and TNF-α)] susceptible to free radicals was determined. In kidneys from pregnant rats on 1.8% NaCl-water, NOSs, apoptotic index, and nitrotyrosine expression were increased, whereas Na+-K+-ATPase mRNA and activity were decreased. In the left cardiac ventricle of these rats, heightened nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2α, and catalase activity together with reduced endothelial NOS protein expression and SOD and aconitase activities were observed. These findings suggest that oxidative/nitrosative stress in kidney and left cardiac ventricle destabilizes the normal course of pregnancy and could lead to gestational hypertension.

High-sodium intake prevents pregnancy-induced decrease of blood pressure in the rat

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (1) ◽  
pp. H375-H383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Beauséjour ◽  
Karine Auger ◽  
Jean St-Louis ◽  
Michèle Brochu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
The Impact

Despite an increase of circulatory volume and of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity, pregnancy is paradoxically accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure. We have reported that the decrease in blood pressure was maintained in pregnant rats despite overactivation of RAAS following reduction in sodium intake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the opposite condition, e.g., decreased activation of RAAS during pregnancy in the rat. To do so, 0.9% or 1.8% NaCl in drinking water was given to nonpregnant and pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 days (last week of gestation). Increased sodium intakes (between 10- and 20-fold) produced reduction of plasma renin activity and aldosterone in both nonpregnant and pregnant rats. Systolic blood pressure was not affected in nonpregnant rats. However, in pregnant rats, 0.9% sodium supplement prevented the decreased blood pressure. Moreover, an increase of systolic blood pressure was obtained in pregnant rats receiving 1.8% NaCl. The 0.9% sodium supplement did not affect plasma and fetal parameters. However, 1.8% NaCl supplement has larger effects during gestation as shown by increased plasma sodium concentration, hematocrit level, negative water balance, proteinuria, and intrauterine growth restriction. With both sodium supplements, decreased AT1 mRNA levels in the kidney and in the placenta were observed. Our results showed that a high-sodium intake prevents the pregnancy-induced decrease of blood pressure in rats. Nonpregnant rats were able to maintain homeostasis but not the pregnant ones in response to sodium load. Furthermore, pregnant rats on a high-sodium intake (1.8% NaCl) showed some physiological responses that resemble manifestations observed in preeclampsia.

Salt, Frusemide and Renin in Severe Experimental Renal Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 129s-132s
Author(s):  
M. Fernandes ◽  
G. Onesti ◽  
R. Dykyj ◽  
R. Fiorentini ◽  
Anne B. Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Blood Pressure Elevation ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Experimental Renal Hypertension ◽  
High Sodium Diet

1. Sodium-deficient diet failed to alter development and maintenance of severe renal hypertension produced in the rat by ligation of the aorta between the renal arteries. 2. High sodium diet did not alter the early phase of this hypertension, but significantly decreased blood pressure elevation in the late phases. 3. The decrease in blood pressure produced by high sodium intake does not appear to be mediated by renin suppression. 4. Frusemide effectively reduced blood pressure and renin at all phases.

scholarly journals High Sodium Intake Strengthens the Association of ACE I/D Polymorphism with Blood Pressure in a Community

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
K YAMAGISHI ◽  
T TANIGAWA ◽  
R CUI ◽  
M TABATA ◽  
A IKEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake

scholarly journals Dietary Intake of Sodium during Infancy and the Cardiovascular Consequences Later in Life: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Nikki E. Emmerik ◽  
Femke de Jong ◽  
Ruurd M. van Elburg
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Later Life ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
The Impact

Background: High sodium intake is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases in adults. Further, there is evidence that events in early life are predictors for health outcomes in later life. However, little is known about the impact of early sodium intake on (cardiovascular) health outcomes in later life. Summary: We performed a scoping review of 25 articles, including 11 review studies, 8 randomized controlled trials, 5 prospective cohort studies, and 1 retrospective cohort study, all describing the relationship between the amount of sodium intake during the first 6 months after birth and the health effects and/or risk to cardiovascular disease later in life. We divided the results into 2 different groups: human and animal studies. Key Messages: The results show that high sodium intake in the first 6 months after birth may lead to negative health effects such as higher blood pressure, due to factors like salty taste preference and alterations of the renal system. The findings of this study suggest that the amount of sodium in the diet of an infant in the first 6 months after birth may have an impact on cardiovascular health outcomes in later life.

Sodium restriction can delay the return of hypertension in patients previously well-controlled on drug therapy

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1752-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trefor Morgan ◽  
Adrianne Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake

Sodium restriction can reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The present study indicates that if hypertension is well controlled then the reemergence of hypertension can be decreased by the use of a reduced sodium intake. The present paper demonstrates that in such patients on a normal salt diet, 90% become hypertensive within 6 months while only 40% of people on a reduced sodium diet become hypertensive. It is proposed that a high sodium intake activates a number of amplifiers that causes a shift of the dose–response curve to sodium to the left and if not prevented or interrupted leads to the development of hypertension.

scholarly journals More evidence that salt increases blood pressure and risk of kidney disease from the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (April-July 2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAnne Arcand ◽  
Michelle M.Y. Wong ◽  
Joseph Alvin Santos ◽  
Alexander A. Leung ◽  
Kathy Trieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Health Outcomes
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