scholarly journals Examining the role of computer-supported knowledge-building discourse in epistemic and conceptual understanding

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Lin ◽  
Carol K.K. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Knowledge Building

A Brief Statement on the Future of Public Scholarship and the Research Methods Landscape

2019 ◽  
pp. 700-707
Author(s):  
Patricia Leavy
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Knowledge Building ◽  
Research Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Scholarship ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The Future ◽  
Book Editor

The book editor offers some final comments about the state of the field and promise for the future. Leavy suggests researchers consider using the language of “shapes” to talk about the forms their research takes and to highlight the ongoing role of the research community in shaping knowledge-building practices. She reviews the challenges and rewards of taking your work public. Leavy concludes by noting that institutional structures need to evolve their rewards criteria in order to meet the demands of practicing contemporary research and suggests that professors update their teaching practices to bring the audiences of research into the forefront of discussions of methodology.

Social Development and Police Reform: Some Reflections on the Concept and Purpose of Policing and the Implications for Reform in the UK and USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Williams ◽  
Craig Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Common Understanding

Abstract The increase in calls for police reform following the death of George Floyd has led to renewed debate about social inequality and the role of policing in society. Modern bureaucratic police systems emerged from locally administered structures and Anglo-American policing models continue to be aligned, to varying degrees, with the political, socio-cultural, legal, and ideological aspects of contemporary liberal democratic society with its emphasis on democratic localism and decentralised accountability. However, at a time when society is reimagining itself and technology, government, and nations are radically re-shaping themselves, a critical question is whether there is a sufficiently common philosophical and conceptual understanding of policing to support its development rather than just a common understanding of police functions. This is profoundly important when considering the current calls for reform of policing in the USA and other western democratic states. The article argues that there is an urgent need to reconsider how we conceptualize policing and its relationship with social development.

Citrate chelation as a potential mechanism against aluminum toxicity in cells: the role of calmodulin

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1167-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Suhayda ◽  
Alfred Haug
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Native Structure ◽  
Calcium Calmodulin Dependent ◽  
Α Helix ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

At a molar excess of [citrate]/[aluminum], this organic acid can protect calmodulin from aluminum binding if the metal is presented to the protein in stoichiometric micromolar quantities, as judged by fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Similar citrate concentrations are also capable of fully restoring calmodulin's hydrophobic surface exposure to that of the native protein when calmodulin was initially damaged by aluminum binding. Fluoride anions are equally effective in restoring calmodulin's native structure as determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Measurements of the kinetics of citrate-mediated aluminum removal also indicated that the metal ions are completely removed from calmodulin, consistent with results derived from atomic absorption experiments. On the other hand, results from circular dichroism studies indicated that citrate-mediated aluminum removal from calmodulin can only partially restore the α-helix content to that originally present in apocalmodulin or in calcium–calmodulin, dependent upon the absence or presence of calcium ions. The results that chelators like citrate can protect calmodulin from aluminum injury may provide a conceptual understanding of physiological observations regarding aluminum-tolerant plant species which are generally rich in certain organic acids.

scholarly journals "Deus semper maior" or theodicy of Erycha River

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Bogdan Teodorovich Zavidniak
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Analogia Entis

This article examines Erich Przywara‘s conceptual understanding of the proofs for the existence of God. It also interprets the proofs of God’s existence. Тhe concept of God in the philosophy of Przywara is considered by exploring the nature of the relations between the transcendent sphere of God and the spiritual world of the human person. From the point of view of historiography, the role of the book “The Analogia entis” by Przywara is highlighted.

scholarly journals The role of intolerance of uncertainty in the acquisition and extinction of reward

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne Morriss ◽  
Nicolo Biagi ◽  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Marta Andreatta
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Acquisition Training ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Partial Reward ◽  
Extinction Training ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii

AbstractIndividuals, who score high in self-reported intolerance of uncertainty (IU), tend to find uncertainty anxiety-provoking. IU has been reliably associated with disrupted threat extinction. However, it remains unclear whether IU would be related to disrupted extinction to other arousing stimuli that are not threatening (i.e., rewarding). We addressed this question by conducting a reward associative learning task with acquisition and extinction training phases (n = 58). Throughout the associative learning task, we recorded valence ratings (i.e. liking), skin conductance response (SCR) (i.e. sweating), and corrugator supercilii activity (i.e. brow muscle indicative or negative and positive affect) to learned reward and neutral cues. During acquisition training with partial reward reinforcement, higher IU was associated with greater corrugator supercilii activity to neutral compared to reward cues. IU was not related to valence ratings or SCR’s during the acquisition or extinction training phases. These preliminary results suggest that IU-related deficits during extinction may be limited to situations with threat. The findings further our conceptual understanding of IU’s role in the associative learning and extinction of reward, and in relation to the processing of threat and reward more generally.

scholarly journals Exploring Students’ Descriptions of Mutation from a Cognitive Perspective Suggests How to Modify Instructional Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. ar45
Author(s):  
FangFang Zhao ◽  
Anita Schuchardt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Instructional Approaches ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Relevant Concept ◽  
Scientific Phenomena ◽  
Written Explanations

Prior studies have shown that students have difficulty understanding the role of mutation in evolution and genetics. However, little is known about unifying themes underlying students’ difficulty with mutation. In this study, we examined students’ written explanations about mutation from a cognitive science perspective. According to one cognitive perspective, scientific phenomena can be perceived as entities or processes, and the miscategorization of processes as entities can lead to noncanonical ideas about scientific phenomena that are difficult to change. Students’ incorrect categorization of processes as entities is well documented in physics but has not been studied in biology. Unlike other scientific phenomena that have been studied, the word “mutation” refers to both the process causing a change in the DNA and the entity, the altered DNA, making mutation a relevant concept for exploration and extension of this theory. In this study, we show that, even after instruction on mutation, the majority of students provided entity-focused descriptions of mutation in response to a question that prompted for a process-focused description in a lizard or a bacterial population. Students’ noncanonical ideas about mutation occurred in both entity- and process-focused descriptions. Implications for conceptual understanding and instruction are discussed.

scholarly journals Developing Deep Understanding and Literacy while Addressing a Gender-Based Literacy Gap

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Sun ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Marlene Scardamalia
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
Knowledge Building ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Literacy Gap ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Vocabulary Growth ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Better Than

Online discourse from a class of 22 students (11 boys and 11 girls) was analysed to assess advances in conceptual understanding and literacy. The students worked over a two-year period (Grades 3-4), during which they contributed notes to an online Knowledge Building environment—Knowledge Forum®. Contributions revealed that both boys and girls produced a substantial amount of text and graphics, and that their written texts incorporated an increasing proportion of less-frequent, advanced words, including academic vocabulary and domain-specific words from grade levels higher than their own. Brief accounts of classroom discourse indicate how deep understanding and vocabulary growth mutually support each other in online and offline exchanges. The gender differences that were observed show boys doing slightly better than girls, suggesting that Knowledge Building has the potential to help boys overcome weaknesses in literacy.

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