scholarly journals Effects of insularity on insect leaf herbivory and chemical defences in a Mediterranean oak species

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1226-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xoaquín Moreira ◽  
Bastien Castagneyrol ◽  
Raúl Mata ◽  
Nikolaos M. Fyllas ◽  
Andrea Galmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Leaf Herbivory

scholarly journals Latitudinal variation in plant chemical defences drives latitudinal patterns of leaf herbivory

Ecography ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1124-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xoaquín Moreira ◽  
Bastien Castagneyrol ◽  
Luis Abdala-Roberts ◽  
Jorge C. Berny-Mier y Teran ◽  
Bart G. H. Timmermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latitudinal Variation ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Plant Chemical ◽  
Latitudinal Patterns ◽  
Leaf Herbivory

scholarly journals Effects of soil abiotic factors and plant chemical defences on seed predation on sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xoaquín Moreira ◽  
Ignacio M. Pérez-Ramos ◽  
Luis Matías ◽  
Marta Francisco ◽  
Alberto García-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Plant Chemical

scholarly journals Natural Products in Polyclad Flatworms

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Justin M. McNab ◽  
Jorge Rodríguez ◽  
Peter Karuso ◽  
Jane E. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Polyclad Flatworms

Marine invertebrates are promising sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites, and organisms like sponges, ascidians and nudibranchs are characterised by possessing potent defensive chemicals. Animals that possess chemical defences often advertise this fact with aposematic colouration that potential predators learn to avoid. One seemingly defenceless group that can present bright colouration patterns are flatworms of the order Polycladida. Although members of this group have typically been overlooked due to their solitary and benthic nature, recent studies have isolated the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin from these mesopredators. This review considers the potential of polyclads as potential sources of natural products and reviews what is known of the activity of the molecules found in these animals. Considering the ecology and diversity of polyclads, only a small number of species from both suborders of Polycladida, Acotylea and Cotylea have been investigated for natural products. As such, confirming assumptions as to which species are in any sense toxic or if the compounds they use are biosynthesised, accumulated from food or the product of symbiotic bacteria is difficult. However, further research into the group is suggested as these animals often display aposematic colouration and are known to prey on invertebrates rich in bioactive secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Conspicuousness, phylogenetic structure, and origins of Müllerian mimicry in 4000 lycid beetles from all zoogeographic regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Motyka ◽  
Dominik Kusy ◽  
Michal Masek ◽  
Matej Bocek ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Single Region ◽  
General Appearance

AbstractBiologists have reported on the chemical defences and the phenetic similarity of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) and their co-mimics. Nevertheless, our knowledge has remained fragmental, and the evolution of mimetic patterns has not been studied in the phylogenetic context. We illustrate the general appearance of ~ 600 lycid species and ~ 200 co-mimics and their distribution. Further, we assemble the phylogeny using the transcriptomic backbone and ~ 570 species. Using phylogenetic information, we closely scrutinise the relationships among aposematically coloured species, the worldwide diversity, and the distribution of aposematic patterns. The emitted visual signals differ in conspicuousness. The uniform coloured dorsum is ancestral and was followed by the evolution of bicoloured forms. The mottled patterns, i.e. fasciate, striate, punctate, and reticulate, originated later in the course of evolution. The highest number of sympatrically occurring patterns was recovered in New Guinea and the Andean mountain ecosystems (the areas of the highest abundance), and in continental South East Asia (an area of moderate abundance but high in phylogenetic diversity). Consequently, a large number of co-existing aposematic patterns in a single region and/or locality is the rule, in contrast with the theoretical prediction, and predators do not face a simple model-like choice but cope with complex mimetic communities. Lycids display an ancestral aposematic signal even though they sympatrically occur with differently coloured unprofitable relatives. We show that the highly conspicuous patterns evolve within communities predominantly formed by less conspicuous Müllerian mimics and, and often only a single species displays a novel pattern. Our work is a forerunner to the detailed research into the aposematic signalling of net-winged beetles.

Explaining Leaf Herbivory Rates on Tree Seedlings in a Malaysian Rain Forest

Biotropica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus P. Eichhorn ◽  
K. C. Fagan ◽  
Stephen G. Compton ◽  
Daisy H. Dent ◽  
Sue E. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Leaf Herbivory

scholarly journals Effects of leaf herbivory on the bromeliad Aechmea blanchetiana: a study of selective feeding by the scraper Acentroptera pulchella

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 944-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Magalhães ◽  
Lucas Bevilaqua Ferreira ◽  
Gilda Leitão ◽  
André Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Selective Feeding ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Defensive Strategies ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Leaf Herbivory

The scraper Acentroptera pulchella (Chrysomelidae, Hispinae) feeds on the leaves of Aechmea blanchetiana (Bromeliaceae), but not indiscriminately. This insect apparently concentrates its attack on the apical region of the intermediate leaves from the bromeliad tank. To characterise the potential influence of leaf defensive strategies on the intraspecific feeding pattern of A. pulchella on the leaves of the bromeliad A. blanchetiana, we quantified the apparent intraspecific preference of this feeding pattern; compared distinct leaves and portions in relation to morpho-physiological, mechanical, nutritional and chemical anti-herbivore strategies; and investigated whether some or all these defensive strategies help explain the observed feeding pattern. A. pulchella preferentially attacked the mid-upper portions of mature and adult leaves of A. blanchetiana, but not the mid-lower portions of the same leaves, which are more resistant to punch, are thicker and present less nitrogen content than the upper portions. However, soft young leaves were not attacked. Attacked portions also presented higher total phenol content than did non-attacked portions, indicating that phenols do not act defensively. Other morpho-physiological and chemical anti-herbivore strategies evaluated did not differ between portions and leaves. This herbivore feeds preferentially on leaf portions that have higher nitrogen levels, avoiding others that present increased punch resistance. The scraper A. pulchella exhibits a clearly selective feeding pattern that is driven by nutritional benefits rather than strictly mechanical or chemical anti-herbivore strategies.

scholarly journals Trade-offs between constitutive and induced defences drive geographical and climatic clines in pine chemical defences

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xoaquín Moreira ◽  
Kailen A. Mooney ◽  
Sergio Rasmann ◽  
William K. Petry ◽  
Amparo Carrillo-Gavilán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Induced Defences

scholarly journals Interactions within the microbiome alter microbial interactions with host chemical defences and affect disease in a marine holobiont

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon R. Longford ◽  
Alexandra H. Campbell ◽  
Shaun Nielsen ◽  
Rebecca J. Case ◽  
Staffan Kjelleberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Chemical Defences
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document