scholarly journals Food web consequences of an evolutionary arms race: Molluscs subject to crab predation on intertidal mudflats in Oman are unavailable to shorebirds

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roeland A. Bom ◽  
Jimmy de Fouw ◽  
Raymond H. G. Klaassen ◽  
Theunis Piersma ◽  
Marc S. S. Lavaleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Intertidal Mudflats ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race ◽  
Crab Predation

scholarly journals Coevolving Predator and Prey Robots: Do “Arms Races” Arise in Artificial Evolution?

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Nolfi ◽  
Dario Floreano
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Robotics ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Artificial Evolution ◽  
Arms Races ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race ◽  
Adaptive Power ◽  
Competing Populations

Coevolution (i.e., the evolution of two or more competing populations with coupled fitness) has several features that may potentially enhance the power of adaptation of artificial evolution. In particular, as discussed by Dawkins and Krebs [3], competing populations may reciprocally drive one another to increasing levels of complexity by producing an evolutionary “arms race.” In this article we will investigate the role of coevolution in the context of evolutionary robotics. In particular, we will try to understand in what conditions coevolution can lead to “arms races.” Moreover, we will show that in some cases artificial coevolution has a higher adaptive power than simple evolution. Finally, by analyzing the dynamics of coevolved populations, we will show that in some circumstances well-adapted individuals would be better advised to adopt simple but easily modifiable strategies suited for the current competitor strategies rather than incorporate complex and general strategies that may be effective against a wide range of opposing counter-strategies.

Alternative functions of CRISPR–Cas systems in the evolutionary arms race

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prarthana Mohanraju ◽  
Chinmoy Saha ◽  
Peter van Baarlen ◽  
Rogier Louwen ◽  
Raymond H. J. Staals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals Insect egg‐killing: a new front on the evolutionary arms‐race between brassicaceous plants and pierid butterflies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Griese ◽  
Lotte Caarls ◽  
Niccolò Bassetti ◽  
Setareh Mohammadin ◽  
Patrick Verbaarschot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Insect Egg ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals The evolutionary arms race between transposable elements and piRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Luo ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yuange Duan ◽  
Xinmin Yao ◽  
Andrew G. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals Fruits, frugivores and the evolutionary arms race

2002 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Tewksbury
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals Moving beyond linear food chains: trait-mediated indirect interactions in a rocky intertidal food web

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1851) ◽  
pp. 20162590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Trussell ◽  
Catherine M. Matassa ◽  
Patrick J. Ewanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Indirect Interactions ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Basal Resources ◽  
Crab Predation

In simple, linear food chains, top predators can have positive indirect effects on basal resources by causing changes in the traits (e.g. behaviour, feeding rates) of intermediate consumers. Although less is known about trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs) in more complex food webs, it has been suggested that such complexity dampens trophic cascades. We examined TMIIs between a predatory crab ( Carcinus maenas ) and two ecologically important basal resources, fucoid algae ( Ascophyllum nodosum ) and barnacles ( Semibalanus balanoides ), which are consumed by herbivorous ( Littorina littorea ) and carnivorous ( Nucella lapillus ) snails, respectively. Because crab predation risk suppresses snail feeding rates, we hypothesized that crabs would also shape direct and indirect interactions among the multiple consumers and resources. We found that the magnitude of TMIIs between the crab and each resource depended on the suite of intermediate consumers present in the food web. Carnivorous snails ( Nucella ) transmitted TMIIs between crabs and barnacles. However, crab–algae TMIIs were transmitted by both herbivorous ( Littorina ) and carnivorous ( Nucella ) snails, and these TMIIs were additive. By causing Nucella to consume fewer barnacles, crab predation risk allowed fucoids that had settled on or between barnacles to remain in the community. Hence, positive interactions between barnacles and algae caused crab–algae TMIIs to be strongest when both consumers were present. Studies of TMIIs in more realistic, reticulate food webs will be necessary for a more complete understanding of how predation risk shapes community dynamics.

How to win an evolutionary arms race

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Somayaji
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race
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