Phylogeography of a widespread Asian subtropical tree: genetic east-west differentiation and climate envelope modelling suggest multiple glacial refugia

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1710-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao-Miao Shi ◽  
Stefan G. Michalski ◽  
Erik Welk ◽  
Xiao-Yong Chen ◽  
Walter Durka
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Climate Envelope ◽  
Climate Envelope Modelling ◽  
East West

scholarly journals Forward Planning for Scottish Gardens in the Face of Climate Change

2015 ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Chris Smart ◽  
Alan Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Climate Envelope ◽  
The Face ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate Envelope Modelling ◽  
Partial Correction ◽  
Selection Of

The impact of climate change and its effects on gardens has so far received limited academic attention. This paper offers a partial correction of this imbalance by investigating the potential impact of climate change on a selection of common Scottish garden plants. A climate envelope modelling approach was taken, whereby wild species distribution data were used to build climate ‘envelopes’ or descriptions of the native climates of selected species. The envelope models were projected onto future climate scenarios for Scotland, allowing observations to be made regarding the climatic suitability of Scotland, both currently and into the future, for each of the plants studied. The models and predictions for four species are described here along with strengths and limitations of the methodology. It is suggested that this approach, or variations of it, could become a useful tool in forward planning for gardens in assisting efforts to mitigate the effect of climate change.

scholarly journals Assisted Migration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Handler ◽  
Carrie Pike ◽  
Brad St. Clair ◽  
Hannah Abbotts ◽  
Maria Janowiak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Distribution Shifts ◽  
East West

Evidence suggests that species have responded individually during historic periods of dramatic climate change through geographic migrations to and from unique glacial refugia [1, 2, 3]. Recent research has demonstrated that many tree species are already undergoing distribution shifts in response to climate change, with different studies highlighting species that are moving poleward and higher in elevation [4], or moving east-west to track changes in moisture availability [5].

POPULATION CYCLES AND GENE FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS IN FOXES OF THE GENUS VULPES, IN CANADA

1950 ◽  
Vol 28d (2) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Negative Selection ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Apparent Correlation ◽  
Expanding Population ◽  
North West Territories ◽  
East West

Population densities of foxes of the genus Vulpes over most of Canada have shown a fairly regular 9 to 10 year cycle upon which has been superimposed a trend toward increase in numbers. These changes in density are investigated with reference to changes in frequency of the two genes that determine the presence of black rather than red pigment of the pelage. Of the 14 27-year series of gene frequency data, only two show any apparent correlation with the 9 to 10 year cycle in population density. These two, each with a negative correlation whose probability is less than.001, are for the "Alaskan black" gene in the North West Territories and for the "Canadian black" gene in Quebec. On the basis of these latter data the hypothesis is forwarded that there is some selective factor that may operate against these two "black" genes in an expanding population and may favor their increase in frequency when the population is decreasing in size. It is believed that this hypothesis is sufficient to explain the gradual decrease in gene frequency associated with the gradual increase in the size of the population. This hypothesis is utilized to explain the east–west gradient in gene frequency on the basis of negative selection from presumed eastern and western glacial refugia.

scholarly journals Declines of the globally threatened Rudd’s Lark Heteromirafra ruddi in one of its last remaining strongholds

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-656
Author(s):  
WESLEY G. GUSH ◽  
DAVID H. MAPHISA ◽  
CHEVONNE REYNOLDS ◽  
PAUL F. DONALD ◽  
CLAIRE N. SPOTTISWOODE
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Habitat Condition ◽  
Core Section ◽  
Climate Envelope ◽  
Nestling Survival ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
Climate Envelope Modelling

SummaryRudd’s Lark Heteromirafra ruddi is a globally threatened species endemic to eastern South Africa’s highland grasslands, where climate envelope modelling has predicted a dramatic reduction in its already small and fragmented distribution. Here we assess recent changes in one of its last strongholds, the Wakkerstroom grasslands. We assessed changes in Rudd’s Lark population and habitat condition over 12 years, within a core section of an area intensively surveyed in 2002–2004. Our 2016 survey found lower absolute numbers of Rudd’s Larks (five transects with Rudd’s Lark present compared to nine in 2002; nine individuals compared to 32), as well as a lower probability of encounter. Transects with shorter grass and higher altitude had a higher probability of Rudd’s Larks occurrence, consistent with findings in 2002. Point locations where Rudd’s Larks were recorded had shorter grass, higher forb cover and more bare ground cover, and tended to be at higher altitudes than random locations in the surrounding grassland. Remotely-sensed fire data showed that late-season fires, which pose a threat to Rudd’s Lark nestling survival, are generally uncommon. Field observations indicated that seven transects (of which two previously contained Rudd’s Lark) that had previously been grassland had been converted to intensive crop production. While Rudd’s Lark may be affected by direct loss of grassland habitat through conversion to crops, the species has also declined within remaining grassland habitat. The drivers of decline remain unclear but this recent observed local decline of Rudd’s Lark in the immediate Wakkerstroom area supports the species’ recent IUCN uplisting to globally ‘Endangered’, given that its previous downlisting was based on habitat requirements and breeding success from this area.

Values and intergroup perceptions of East Germans and West Germans in 1998 1This research was supported by a grant from the German Research Society (We 1106/3-1).

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Jörg Doll ◽  
Michael Dick
Keyword(s):  
Research Society ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The West ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
German Research ◽  
East German ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
East West

The studies reported here focus on similarities and dissimilarities between the terminal value hierarchies ( Rokeach, 1973 ) ascribed to different groups ( Schwartz & Struch, 1990 ). In Study 1, n = 65 East Germans and n = 110 West Germans mutually assess the respective ingroup and outgroup. In this intra-German comparison the West Germans, with a mean intraindividual correlation of rho = 0.609, perceive a significantly greater East-West similarity between the group-related value hierarchies than the East Germans, with a mean rho = 0.400. Study 2 gives East German subjects either a Swiss (n = 58) or Polish (n = 59) frame of reference in the comparison between the categories German and East German. Whereas the Swiss frame of reference should arouse a need for uniqueness, the Polish frame of reference should arouse a need for similarity. In accordance with expectations, the Swiss frame of reference significantly reduces the correlative similarity between German and East German from a mean rho = 0.703 in a control group (n = 59) to a mean rho = 0.518 in the experimental group. Contrary to expectations, the Polish frame of reference does not lead to an increase in perceived similarity (mean rho = 0.712).

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