Impact of weight stigma on physiological and psychological health outcomes for overweight and obese adults: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ke Wu ◽  
Diane C. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
Obese Adults

A Systematic Review of Health Outcomes Among Disaster and Humanitarian Responders

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Garbern ◽  
Laura G. Ebbeling ◽  
Susan A. Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIntroductionDisaster and humanitarian responders are at-risk of experiencing a wide range of physical and psychological health conditions, from minor injuries to chronic mental health problems and fatalities. This article reviews the current literature on the major health outcomes of responders to various disasters and conflicts in order to better inform individuals of the risks and to inform deploying agencies of the health care needs of responders.MethodsIn March 2014, an EMBASE search was conducted using pre-defined search criteria. Two reviewers screened the resultant 2,849 abstracts and the 66 full-length manuscripts which are included in the review.ResultsThe majority of research on health outcomes of responders focused on mental health (57 of 66 articles). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression were the most studied diagnoses with prevalence of PTSD ranging from 0%-34% and depression from 21%-53%. Physical health outcomes were much less well-studied and included a wide range of environmental, infectious, and traumatic conditions such as heat stroke, insect bites, dermatologic, gastrointestinal, and respiratory diseases, as well as burns, fractures, falls, and other traumatic injuries.ConclusionsThe prevalence of mental health disorders in responders may vary more and be higher than previously suggested. Overall health outcomes of responders are likely poorly monitored and under-reported. Improved surveillance systems and risk mitigation strategies should be employed in all disaster and conflict responses to better protect individual responders.GarbernSC,EbbelingLG,BartelsSA.A systematic review of health outcomes among disaster and humanitarian responders.Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(6):635–642.

The contribution of group prenatal care to maternal psychological health outcomes: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Buultjens ◽  
Ambereen Farouque ◽  
Leila Karimi ◽  
Linda Whitby ◽  
Jeannette Milgrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Group Prenatal Care

scholarly journals Association between intake of non-sugar sweeteners and health outcomes: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and observational studies

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. k4718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Toews ◽  
Szimonetta Lohner ◽  
Daniela Küllenberg de Gaudry ◽  
Harriet Sommer ◽  
Joerg J Meerpohl
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Objective To assess the association between intake of non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) and important health outcomes in generally healthy or overweight/obese adults and children. Design Systematic review following standard Cochrane review methodology. Data sources Medline (Ovid), Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Clinicaltrials.gov, and reference lists of relevant publications. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Studies including generally healthy adults or children with or without overweight or obesity were eligible. Included study designs allowed for a direct comparison of no intake or lower intake of NSS with higher NSS intake. NSSs had to be clearly named, the dose had to be within the acceptable daily intake, and the intervention duration had to be at least seven days. Main outcome measures Body weight or body mass index, glycaemic control, oral health, eating behaviour, preference for sweet taste, cancer, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, mood, behaviour, neurocognition, and adverse effects. Results The search resulted in 13 941 unique records. Of 56 individual studies that provided data for this review, 35 were observational studies. In adults, evidence of very low and low certainty from a limited number of small studies indicated a small beneficial effect of NSSs on body mass index (mean difference −0.6, 95% confidence interval −1.19 to −0.01; two studies, n=174) and fasting blood glucose (−0.16 mmol/L, −0.26 to −0.06; two, n=52). Lower doses of NSSs were associated with lower weight gain (−0.09 kg, −0.13 to −0.05; one, n=17 934) compared with higher doses of NSSs (very low certainty of evidence). For all other outcomes, no differences were detected between the use and non-use of NSSs, or between different doses of NSSs. No evidence of any effect of NSSs was seen on overweight or obese adults or children actively trying to lose weight (very low to moderate certainty). In children, a smaller increase in body mass index z score was observed with NSS intake compared with sugar intake (−0.15, −0.17 to −0.12; two, n=528, moderate certainty of evidence), but no significant differences were observed in body weight (−0.60 kg, −1.33 to 0.14; two, n=467, low certainty of evidence), or between different doses of NSSs (very low to moderate certainty). Conclusions Most health outcomes did not seem to have differences between the NSS exposed and unexposed groups. Of the few studies identified for each outcome, most had few participants, were of short duration, and their methodological and reporting quality was limited; therefore, confidence in the reported results is limited. Future studies should assess the effects of NSSs with an appropriate intervention duration. Detailed descriptions of interventions, comparators, and outcomes should be included in all reports. Systematic review registration Prospero CRD42017047668.

scholarly journals Health Outcomes for Children in Haiti Since the 2010 Earthquake: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Dube ◽  
Madeline Moffatt ◽  
Colleen Davison ◽  
Susan Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Outcomes For Children

AbstractBackgroundHaiti remains the poorest country in the Americas and one of the poorest in the world. Children in Haiti face many health concerns, some of which were exacerbated by the 2010 earthquake. This systematic review summarizes published research conducted since the 2010 earthquake, focusing on health outcomes for children in Haiti, including physical, psychological, and socioeconomic well-being.MethodsA literature search was conducted identifying articles published from January 2010 through May 2016 related to pediatric health outcomes in Haiti. Two reviewers screened articles independently. Included research articles described at least one physical health, psychological health, or socioeconomic outcome among children less than 18 years of age in Haiti since the January 2010 earthquake.ResultsFifty-eight full-length research articles were reviewed, covering infectious diseases (non-cholera [N=12] and cholera [N=7]), nutrition (N=11), traumatic injuries (N=11), mental health (N=9), anemia (N=4), abuse and violence (N=5), and other topics (N=3). Many children were injured in the 2010 earthquake, and care of their injuries is described in the literature. Infectious diseases were a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children following the earthquake, with cholera being one of the most important etiologies. The literature also revealed that large numbers of children in Haiti have significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), peri-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety, and that food insecurity and malnutrition continue to be important issues.ConclusionsFuture health programs in Haiti should focus on provision of clean water, sanitation, and other measures to prevent infectious diseases. Mental health programming and services for children also appear to be greatly needed, and food insecurity/malnutrition must be addressed if children are to lead healthy, productive lives. Given the burden of injury after the 2010 earthquake, further research on long-term disabilities among children in Haiti is needed.DubeA,MoffattM,DavisonC,BartelsS.Health outcomes for children in Haiti since the 2010 earthquake: a systematic review.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(1):77–88.

How Does Mindfulness Affect Cognition? A Reflection on Confounding Issues Surrounding Mindfulness-based Intervention Research Targeting Cognitive Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Vago ◽  
Resh Gupta ◽  
Sara Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Existing Data

One potential pathway by which mindfulness-based meditation improves health outcomes is through changes in cognitive functioning. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) was conducted with a focus on assessing the state of the evidence for effects on cognitive processes and associated assays. Here, we comment on confounding issues surrounding the reporting of these and related findings, including 1) criteria that appropriately define an MBI; 2) limitations of assays used to measure cognition; and 3) methodological quality of MBI trials and reporting of findings. Because these issues contribute to potentially distorted interpretations of existing data, we offer constructive means for interpretation and recommendations for moving the field of mindfulness research forward regarding the effects on cognition.

scholarly journals Interventions directed at men for preventing intimate partner violence: a systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Idriss-Wheeler ◽  
Julia Hajjar ◽  
Sanni Yaya
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Unpublished Manuscripts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a population health problem linked to a myriad of negative psychological, physical, emotional, sexual and reproductive health outcomes for women. The movement towards working with boys and men over the past couple of decades has increased the number of interventions specifically directed at men who perpetrate violence against a female partner. There is little evidence-based research on key characteristics of effective interventions directed at men to reduce or prevent IPV against female partners. The objective of this systematic review is to identify interventions specifically directed at males , as the perpetrators of violence against women, that have proven to be effective in preventing or reducing intimate partner violence. Methods The following electronic databases will be used to search for peer-reviewed studies: MEDLINE (OVID), Embase (OVID), PsycInfo (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCO), Global Health (EBSCO), Gender Watch (ProQuest), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), PROSPERO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Database (Ovid) and SCOPUS. We will include randomized control trials, non-randomized studies of interventions published in peer-reviewed journals and relevant unpublished manuscripts, books/chapters and clinical or programme study reports. Studies have to demonstrate direction of effect (i.e. pre-post intervention/difference between groups) in terms of prevention or reduction in the outlined outcomes. Primary outcomes include change in behaviour and knowledge of male perpetrator regarding the impact of IPV on women as well as women’s experience of IPV. Secondary outcomes include change in behaviours around substance use and social activities, decrease in negative mental health outcomes and interactions with law enforcement. Studies will be screened, appraised and extracted by two reviewers; any conflicts will be resolved through discussion. Narrative synthesis will be used to analyse and present findings. If sufficient and comparable data is available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Discussion This review will provide synthesized evidence on interventions directed at males to reduce or prevent their perpetration of intimate partner violence against female partners. Implications for practice will include key characteristics of interventions proven to be effective based on evidence synthesis and certainty of findings. Recommendations for further research will also be considered. Systematic review registration This protocol was submitted for registration in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on September 4, 2020.

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