scholarly journals Variation in growth and evaluation of cross‐protection in Listeria monocytogenes under salt and bile stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Shah ◽  
T.M. Bergholz
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Cross Protection

Changes in Host Resistance Caused by Nocardia brasiliensis in Mice: Cross-Protection against Listeria monocytogenes

1978 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma I. Melendro ◽  
Magdalena F. Contreras ◽  
Cecilia Ximénez ◽  
Ana Ma. García-Maynez ◽  
Librado Ortiz-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Nocardia Brasiliensis

Role of Sigma B Factor in the Alkaline Tolerance Response of Listeria monocytogenes 10403S and Cross-Protection against Subsequent Ethanol and Osmotic Stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
EFSTATHIOS S. GIOTIS ◽  
MUDCHAREE JULOTOK ◽  
BRIAN J. WILKINSON ◽  
IAN S. BLAIR ◽  
DAVID A. MCDOWELL
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Ethanol Stress ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Alkaline Tolerance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Type Strains

Many of the considerable abilities of Listeria monocytogenes to persist and grow in a wide range of adverse environmental conditions are thought to be at least partly under the control of the alternative sigma factor (σB), encoded by the sigB gene. However, little is known about the role of this master regulon in the impressive ability of Listeria to persist and grow under conditions of alkaline pH. In this study, Northern blot analysis of parent Listeria mRNA revealed that alkali adaptation (pH 9.5 for 1 h) significantly increased the expression of sigB-derived mRNA. The study included a comparison of the relative survival of mid-exponential populations of adapted and nonadapted parent type (σB expressing) and mutant (not σB expressing, ΔsigB) Listeria strains during subsequent alkaline (pH 12.0), osmotic (25% NaCl, wt/vol), or ethanol (16.5%) stress. Alkali-adapted parent strains were more resistant to pH 12.0 than were adapted ΔsigB type strains, but both alkali-adapted parent and ΔsigB strains were more resistant to pH 12.0 than were nonadapted strains. Alkali-adapted parent strains were more resistant to osmotic stress than were adapted ΔsigB type strains. No significant differences in viability were observed between alkali-adapted parent and ΔsigB strains after ethanol stress, suggesting that cross-protection against osmotic stress is mediated by σB whereas cross-protection against ethanol is σB independent. Overall, alkali-induced cross-protection against osmotic and ethanol challenges may have serious implications for food safety and human health because such stress conditions are routinely used as part of food preservation and surface cleaning processes.

scholarly journals Listeria monocytogenes Shows Temperature-Dependent and -Independent Responses to Salt Stress, Including Responses That Induce Cross-Protection against Other Stresses

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2602-2612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Bergholz ◽  
Barbara Bowen ◽  
Martin Wiedmann ◽  
Kathryn J. Boor
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Short Term Adaptation

ABSTRACTThe food-borne pathogenListeria monocytogenesexperiences osmotic stress in many habitats, including foods and the gastrointestinal tract of the host. During transmission,L. monocytogenesis likely to experience osmotic stress at different temperatures and may adapt to osmotic stress in a temperature-dependent manner. To understand the impact of temperature on the responses this pathogen uses to adapt to osmotic stress, we assessed genome-wide changes in theL. monocytogenesH7858 transcriptome during short-term and long-term adaptation to salt stress at 7°C and 37°C. At both temperatures, the short-term response to salt stress included increased transcript levels ofsigBand SigB-regulated genes, as well asmrpABCDEFG, encoding a sodium/proton antiporter. This antiporter was found to play a role in adaptation to salt stress at both temperatures; ΔmrpABCDEFGhad a significantly longer lag phase than the parent strain in BHI plus 6% NaCl at 7°C and 37°C. The short-term adaptation to salt stress at 7°C included increased transcript levels of two genes encoding carboxypeptidases that modify peptidoglycan. These carboxypeptidases play a role in the short-term adaptation to salt stress only at 7°C, where the deletion mutants had significantly different lag phases than the parent strain. Changes in the transcriptome at both temperatures suggested that exposure to salt stress could provide cross-protection to other stresses, including peroxide stress. Short-term exposure to salt stress significantly increased H2O2resistance at both temperatures. These results provide information for the development of knowledge-based intervention methods against this pathogen, as well as provide insight into potential mechanisms of cross-protection.

Induced Acid-Tolerance Response Confers Limited Nisin Resistance on Listeria monocytogenes Scott A

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1003-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMECHI OKEREKE ◽  
STERLING S. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Acid Tolerance Response ◽  
Tolerance Response ◽  
Resistance Trait

The presence of an inducible acid-tolerance response (ATR) in Listeria monocytogenes Scott A was established. Protection of cells with induced ATR against nisin-mediated inhibition and stress was also evaluated. ATR was induced in L. monocytogenes Scott A by culturing in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth buffered to pH 5.4. The unadapted cells were grown at pH 7.2. Both acid-adapted and unadapted cells were challenged at pH 3.3 and 4.3 at 35°C. The acid-adapted cells were 150- to 7,500-fold more resistant to acid stress at pH 3.3 than unadapted cells. Both cells were equally resistant to acid stress at pH 4.3. The acid-adapted and unadapted cells were exposed to 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.5 μg of nisin per ml of buffered BHI broth at pH 6.0 for 90 min at 35°C. Cells with the induced acid-resistance trait were slightly more resistant to nisin than the unadapted cells. In the presence of 1.5 μg of nisin per ml, 47% of the acid-adapted cells survived compared to 41% of the unadapted cells. In the range of nisin concentration included in this study, there was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in the nisin resistance of adapted and unadapted cells. The data suggest that ATR induction confers very limited cross protection against nisin stress and kill.

scholarly journals Exposure of Listeria monocytogenes to sublethal amounts of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil or carvacrol in a food-based medium does not induce direct or cross protection

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle da Silva Luz ◽  
Nelson Justino Gomes Neto ◽  
Adassa Gama Tavares ◽  
Marciane Magnani ◽  
Evandro Leite de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Origanum Vulgare

scholarly journals VirR-Mediated Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes against Food Antimicrobials and Cross-Protection Induced by Exposure to Organic Acid Salts

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (13) ◽  
pp. 4553-4562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihun Kang ◽  
Martin Wiedmann ◽  
Kathryn J. Boor ◽  
Teresa M. Bergholz
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
System Response ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lauric Arginate ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

ABSTRACTFormulations of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods with antimicrobial compounds constitute an important safety measure against foodborne pathogens such asListeria monocytogenes. While the efficacy of many commercially available antimicrobial compounds has been demonstrated in a variety of foods, the current understanding of the resistance mechanisms employed byL. monocytogenesto counteract these stresses is limited. In this study, we screened in-frame deletion mutants of two-component system response regulators associated with the cell envelope stress response for increased sensitivity to commercially available antimicrobial compounds (nisin, lauric arginate, ε-polylysine, and chitosan). AvirRdeletion mutant showed increased sensitivity to all antimicrobials and significantly greater loss of membrane integrity when exposed to nisin, lauric arginate, or ε-polylysine (P< 0.05). The VirR-regulated operon,dltABCD, was shown to be the key contributor to resistance against these antimicrobial compounds, whereas another VirR-regulated gene,mprF, displayed an antimicrobial-specific contribution to resistance. An experiment with a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter fusion with thedltpromoter indicated that nisin does not specifically induce VirR-dependent upregulation ofdltABCD. Lastly, prior exposure ofL. monocytogenesparent strain H7858 and the ΔvirRmutant to 2% potassium lactate enhanced subsequent resistance against nisin and ε-polylysine (P< 0.05). These data demonstrate that VirRS-mediated regulation ofdltABCDis the major resistance mechanism used byL. monocytogenesagainst cell envelope-damaging food antimicrobials. Further, the potential for cross-protection induced by other food-related stresses (e.g., organic acids) needs to be considered when applying these novel food antimicrobials as a hurdle strategy for RTE foods.

Use of essential oil treatments to control the Listeria monocytogenes growth in various food commodities

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
NG Chorianopoulos ◽  
PN Skandamis ◽  
GJE Nychas ◽  
SA Haroutounian
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Food Commodities
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