scholarly journals Searching for the fundamentals of rehydroxylation dating of archaeological ceramics via NMR and IR microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Avramovska ◽  
Christian Chmelik ◽  
Arkadiusz Derkowski ◽  
Alexander Fantalkin ◽  
Dieter Freude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
Ir Microscopy

FR-IR Molecular Microanalysis System

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
John A. Reffner ◽  
William T. Wihlborg
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Ir Microscopy ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Infrared Microspectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Ft Ir

The IRμs™ is the first fully integrated system for Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy. FT-IR microscopy combines light microscopy for morphological examination with infrared spectroscopy for chemical identification of microscopic samples or domains. Because the IRμs system is a new tool for molecular microanalysis, its optical, mechanical and system design are described to illustrate the state of development of molecular microanalysis. Applications of infrared microspectroscopy are reviewed by Messerschmidt and Harthcock.Infrared spectral analysis of microscopic samples is not a new idea, it dates back to 1949, with the first commercial instrument being offered by Perkin-Elmer Co. Inc. in 1953. These early efforts showed promise but failed the test of practically. It was not until the advances in computer science were applied did infrared microspectroscopy emerge as a useful technique. Microscopes designed as accessories for Fourier transform infrared spectrometers have been commercially available since 1983. These accessory microscopes provide the best means for analytical spectroscopists to analyze microscopic samples, while not interfering with the FT-IR spectrometer’s normal functions.

Forensic applications of IR infrared microscopic internal reflection spectroscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1528-1529
Author(s):  
Edward G. Bartick ◽  
John A. Reffner
Keyword(s):  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Internal Reflection ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Ir Microscopy ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Plastic Explosives ◽  
Internal Reflection Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

Since the introduction of commercial Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopic systems in 1983, IR microscopy has developed as an important analytical tool in research, industry and forensic analysis. Because of the frequent encounter of small quantities of physical evidence found at crime scenes, spectroscopic IR microscopes have proven particularly valuable for forensic applications. Transmittance and reflectance measurements have proven very useful. Reflection-absorption, specular reflection, and diffuse reflection have all been applied. However, it has been only very recently that an internal reflection (IRS) objective has been commercially introduced.The IRS method, also known as attenuated total reflection (ATR), has proven very useful for IR analysis of standard size samples. The method has been applied to adhesive tapes, plastic explosives, and general applications in the analysis of opaque materials found as evidence. The small quantities or uncontaminated areas of specimens frequently found requiring forensic analysis will often be directly applicable to microscopic IRS analysis.

scholarly journals THE UNIVERSAL STRUCTURE OF A DICTIONARY ARTICLE AS A STEP TOWARDS FORMALIZING THE LEXICOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF ARCHEOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Vera D. TABANAKOVA ◽  
Julia G. Kokorina
Keyword(s):  
Shape Function ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Universal Structure ◽  
Formalized Description ◽  
Unified Description ◽  
Constructive Parameter

This article studies the formalized lexicographic description of the archaeological terminology and aims to develop its basis — the universal dictionary entry structure. The authors prove the need for the unified description of an archaeological term in dictionaries and terminological databases. The comparative analysis of the dictionary entry structures of contemporary archaeological dictionaries and term databases has shown that the unified principles for the formalized description of an archaeological object have not yet been developed. Thus, the archaeological dictionaries, as well as the term databases, do not have the unified structure of the dictionary entry. This paper describes the systematic development of the universal structure of the dictionary entry for the archaeological term. The source of the term material was the most complete contemporary terminological dictionary — “The Dictionary of Archaeological Ceramics” by Yu. G. Kokorina (2017). As a result of the logical-conceptual and definitional analysis of the archaeological term descriptions, the authors have proposed 15 linguistic and conceptual parameters: etymology, synonyms, pragmatic parameter, shape, function, constructive parameter, obligatory structural elements, metric parameter, degree of the metric parameter manifestation, proportions, quantitative parameter, cultural-geographical parameter, and construction material. The universal character of these parameters is supposed to ensure the development of the formalized dictionary entry structure of the archaeological term. The proposed all inclusive dictionary entry structure of the archaeological term can become the foundation for the formalized lexicographic description of archaeological terminology both in dictionaries and in automated databases.

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