scholarly journals Influence of calcium additions on the compressive strength and microstructure of alkali-activated ceramic sanitary-ware

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 3094-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Reig ◽  
Lourdes Soriano ◽  
Mauro M. Tashima ◽  
María V. Borrachero ◽  
Jose Monzó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sanitary Ware ◽  
Ceramic Sanitary Ware ◽  
Alkali Activated

scholarly journals Use of Ceramic Sanitaryware as an Alternative for the Development of New Sustainable Binders

2015 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Reig ◽  
M.V. Borrachero ◽  
J.M. Monzó ◽  
Holmer Savastano ◽  
Mauro M. Tashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Sanitary Ware ◽  
Pozzolanic Activity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Ceramic Sanitary Ware ◽  
Alkali Activated

Large amounts of ceramic sanitary-ware waste are generated in both the production process and construction and demolition practices. This waste contains amorphous phases that may react with the Portlandite that originates during Portland cement hydration or with an alkali solution, leading to a low CO2-binding material. This study investigated the pozzolanic activity of ceramic sanitary-ware waste, together with its potential to form new binders by alkali activation. For this purpose, raw material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, particle size distribution, thermogravimetry (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Percentages of ceramic waste of 15 wt.% and 25 wt.%, to replace Portland cement, were used to assess the pozzolanic behavior of this material, and samples were cured at 20oC for different curing times. Alkali-activated samples, in which Ca (OH)2 was used as a source of calcium, and NaOH and sodium silicate solutions were utilized as activators, were cured for 7 days at 65oC. The microstructural evolution of the developed binders was assessed in pastes by SEM and TGA analyses, and mortars were used to evaluate the compressive strength behavior. While some strength gain was observed due to pozzolanic activity, compressive strength values within the 14-36 MPa range were obtained in the alkali-activated mortars in accordance with the activator concentration and the percentage of Ca (OH)2 addition.

scholarly journals Reuse of ceramic sanitary waste as an aggregate in concrete resistant to high temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Halicka ◽  
Paweł Ogrodnik ◽  
Bartosz Zegardło
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Sanitary Ware ◽  
Alumina Cement ◽  
High Compressive Strength ◽  
Sanitary Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Sanitary Ware

In this paper the studies on reuse of ceramic sanitary ware wastes as aggregate in the concrete resistant to high temperatures are presented. Concrete specimens containing alumina cement and crushed sanitary ceramic wastes as an aggregate were heated in 1000oC. It was found that after heating, these specimens preserved their shape and cohesion, and showed no cracks and defects. In contrast, specimens of concrete with alumina cement and traditional aggregate (granite and gravel) after heating were cracked and damaged. Despite some decrease in strength after heating, specimens with sanitary ceramic wastes continued to display high compressive strength and tensile strength. 

scholarly journals Influence of Addition of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Residue (FCC) and the SiO2 Concentration in Alkali-Activated Ceramic Sanitary-Ware (CSW) Binders

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Cosa ◽  
Lourdes Soriano ◽  
María Borrachero ◽  
Lucía Reig ◽  
Jordi Payá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Sanitary Ware ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Sio2 Concentration ◽  
Ceramic Sanitary Ware ◽  
Alkali Activated

scholarly journals Zeolite Tuff and Recycled Ceramic Sanitary Ware Aggregate in Production of Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Szulej ◽  
Paweł Ogrodnik ◽  
Beata Klimek
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Sanitary Ware ◽  
Ceramic Ware ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Aluminous Cement ◽  
Ceramic Sanitary Ware ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of research on the use of ceramic ware waste as aggregate in concrete production. Four concrete mixtures with aluminous cement were prepared, each with a different admixture of clinoptilolite. The only used aggregate was crushed waste ceramic sanitary ware obtained from a Polish sanitary fixture production plant. As part of the studies, a compressive test of cubic samples at different curing times ranging from 7 to 90 days was performed. Prior to the preparation of the samples, a sieve analysis and an elemental analysis of the obtained aggregate were conducted. In the framework of the testing, the bimodal distribution of clinoptilolite grains was determined, as well as its chemical composition. The conducted compressive tests demonstrated high strength of concrete containing ceramic aggregate and aluminous cement with an addition of clinoptilolite. In order to determine the impact that adding zeolite exerts on the phase composition and the structure of concrete samples, an analysis of the phase composition (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy examination (SEM) were performed. Furthermore, tests of abrasion, water penetration under pressure and frost resistance were conducted, determining particular properties of the designed mixtures. The abrasion tests have confirmed that the mixtures are highly abrasion-resistant and can be used as a topcoat concrete layer. The conducted tests of selected properties have confirmed the possibility of using waste ceramic cullet and a mineral addition of clinoptilolite in concrete production.

scholarly journals Waste-Based One-Part Alkali Activated Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2911
Author(s):  
Margarida Gonçalves ◽  
Inês Silveirinha Vilarinho ◽  
Marinélia Capela ◽  
Ana Caetano ◽  
Rui Miguel Novais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
High Compressive Strength ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
First Time ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

Ordinary Portland Cement is the most widely used binder in the construction sector; however, a very high carbon footprint is associated with its production process. Consequently, more sustainable alternative construction materials are being investigated, namely, one-part alkali activated materials (AAMs). In this work, waste-based one-part AAMs binders were developed using only a blast furnace slag, as the solid precursor, and sodium metasilicate, as the solid activator. For the first time, mortars in which the commercial sand was replaced by two exhausted sands from biomass boilers (CA and CT) were developed. Firstly, the characterization of the slag and sands (aggregates) was performed. After, the AAMs fresh and hardened state properties were evaluated, being the characterization complemented by FTIR and microstructural analysis. The binder and the mortars prepared with commercial sand presented high compressive strength values after 28 days of curing-56 MPa and 79 MPa, respectively. The mortars developed with exhausted sands exhibit outstanding compressive strength values, 86 and 70 MPa for CT and CA, respectively, and the other material’s properties were not affected. Consequently, this work proved that high compressive strength waste-based one-part AAMs mortars can be produced and that it is feasible to use another waste as aggregate in the mortar’s formulations: the exhausted sands from biomass boilers.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Types of Internal Curing Liquid on the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag (AAS) Mortar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Guang-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yong Wang ◽  
Tae-Wan Kim ◽  
Jong-Yeon Lim ◽  
Yi Han
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alkali Activated Slag ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Activated Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

This study shows the effect of different types of internal curing liquid on the properties of alkali-activated slag (AAS) mortar. NaOH solution and deionized water were used as the liquid internal curing agents and zeolite sand was the internal curing agent that replaced the standard sand at 15% and 30%, respectively. Experiments on the mechanical properties, hydration kinetics, autogenous shrinkage (AS), internal temperature, internal relative humidity, surface electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and setting time were performed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the setting times of AAS mortars with internal curing by water were longer than those of internal curing by NaOH solution. (2) NaOH solution more effectively reduces the AS of AAS mortars than water when used as an internal curing liquid. (3) The cumulative heat of the AAS mortar when using water for internal curing is substantially reduced compared to the control group. (4) For the AAS mortars with NaOH solution as an internal curing liquid, compared with the control specimen, the compressive strength results are increased. However, a decrease in compressive strength values occurs when water is used as an internal curing liquid in the AAS mortar. (5) The UPV decreases as the content of zeolite sand that replaces the standard sand increases. (6) When internal curing is carried out with water as the internal curing liquid, the surface resistivity values of the AAS mortar are higher than when the alkali solution is used as the internal curing liquid. To sum up, both NaOH and deionized water are effective as internal curing liquids, but the NaOH solution shows a better performance in terms of reducing shrinkage and improving mechanical properties than deionized water.

scholarly journals Enhancing Density-Based Mining Waste Alkali-Activated Foamed Materials Incorporating Expanded Cork

CivilEng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-540
Author(s):  
Imed Beghoura ◽  
Joao Castro-Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Al Powder ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Alkali Activated

This study focuses on the development of an alkali-activated lightweight foamed material (AA-LFM) with enhanced density. Several mixes of tungsten waste mud (TWM), grounded waste glass (WG), and metakaolin (MK) were produced. Al powder as a foaming agent was added, varying from 0.009 w.% to 0.05 w.% of precursor weight. Expanded granulated cork (EGC) particles were incorporated (10% to 40% of the total volume of precursors). The physical and mechanical properties of the foamed materials obtained, the effects of the amount of the foaming agent and the percentage of cork particles added varying from 10 vol.% to 40% are presented and discussed. Highly porous structures were obtained, Pore size and cork particles distribution are critical parameters in determining the density and strength of the foams. The compressive strength results with different densities of AA-LFM obtained by modifying the foaming agent and cork particles are also presented and discussed. Mechanical properties of the cured structure are adequate for lightweight prefabricated building elements and components.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Approaches for Prediction of the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Termite Mound Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4754
Author(s):  
Assia Aboubakar Mahamat ◽  
Moussa Mahamat Boukar ◽  
Nurudeen Mahmud Ibrahim ◽  
Tido Tiwa Stanislas ◽  
Numfor Linda Bih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Curing Regime ◽  
Alkali Activated

Earth-based materials have shown promise in the development of ecofriendly and sustainable construction materials. However, their unconventional usage in the construction field makes the estimation of their properties difficult and inaccurate. Often, the determination of their properties is conducted based on a conventional materials procedure. Hence, there is inaccuracy in understanding the properties of the unconventional materials. To obtain more accurate properties, a support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN) and linear regression (LR) were used to predict the compressive strength of the alkali-activated termite soil. In this study, factors such as activator concentration, Si/Al, initial curing temperature, water absorption, weight and curing regime were used as input parameters due to their significant effect in the compressive strength. The experimental results depict that SVM outperforms ANN and LR in terms of R2 score and root mean square error (RMSE).

scholarly journals Alkali-Activated Zeolite 4A Granules—Characterization and Suitability Assessment for the Application of Adsorption

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Pauls P. Argalis ◽  
Laura Vitola ◽  
Diana Bajare ◽  
Kristine Vegere
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Zeolite 4A ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Alkali Activated

A major problem in the field of adsorbents is that binders (kaolin clay, bentonite) introduced to bind zeolites and ensure the needed mechanical strength, are not able to sorb gases like CO2 and N2, and decrease the overall adsorption capacity. To solve this problem, one of the pathways is to introduce a binder able to sorb such gases. Thus, in this study, the physical and mechanical properties of a novel binder based on metakaolin and its composite with zeolite 4A in the granular form were studied. Metakaolin was used as a precursor for alkali-activated binder, which was synthesized using an 8M NaOH activation solution. Raw materials were characterized using granulometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential thermal analysis (DTA); and final products were characterized using density measurements, a compressive strength test, XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alkali-activated metakaolin was found to be efficient as a binding material when data for morphological properties were analyzed. A relationship was observed—by increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), compressive strength decreased. Zeolite granule attrition was higher than expected: 2.42% and 4.55% for ZG-0.8, 3.64% and 5.76% for ZG-1.0, and 2.73% and 4.85% for ZG-1.2, measured at 4 and 5 atmospheres, respectively.

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