In situconservation breeding and the role of zoological institutions and private breeders in the recovery of highly endangered Indonesian passerine birds

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Owen ◽  
R. Wilkinson ◽  
R. Sözer
Keyword(s):  
Passerine Birds

Molecular analysis of the hemagglutinin genes of Australian H7N7 influenza viruses: Role of passerine birds in maintenance or transmission?

Virology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Nestorowicz ◽  
Yoshihiro Kawaoka ◽  
William J. Bean ◽  
Robert G. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Passerine Birds

scholarly journals Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Taxonomy, Genomics, and Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander T Ciota
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Eastern Equine Encephalitis ◽  
Midwest United States ◽  
Culiseta Melanura ◽  
Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts

Abstract Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV; Togaviridae, Alphavirus) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) primarily maintained in an enzootic cycle between Culiseta melanura (Coquillett) and passerine birds. EEEV, which has the highest reported case- fatality rate among arbovirus in the Americas, is responsible for sporadic outbreaks in the Eastern and Midwest United States. Infection is associated with severe neurologic disease and mortality in horses, humans, and other vertebrate hosts. Here, we review what is known about EEEV taxonomy, functional genomics, and evolution, and identify gaps in knowledge regarding the role of EEEV genetic diversity in transmission and disease.

scholarly journals Segmenting biological specimens from photos to understand the evolution of UV plumage in passerine birds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichen He ◽  
Christopher R Cooney ◽  
Zoe K Varley ◽  
Lara O Nouri ◽  
Christopher J. A. Moody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Plumage Colouration ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Uv Reflectance ◽  
Role Of Light

Ultraviolet (UV) colouration is thought to be an important signalling mechanism in many bird species, yet broad insights regarding the prevalence of UV plumage colouration and the factors promoting its evolution are currently lacking. Here, we develop a novel image segmentation pipeline based on deep learning that considerably outperforms classical (i.e. non-deep learning) segmentation methods, and use this to extract accurate information on whole-body plumage colouration from photographs of >24,000 museum specimens covering >4,500 species of passerine birds. Our results demonstrate that UV reflectance, particularly as a component of other colours, is widespread across the passerine radiation but is strongly phylogenetically conserved. We also find clear evidence in support of the role of light environment in promoting the evolution of UV plumage colouration, and a weak trend towards higher UV plumage reflectance among bird species with ultraviolet rather than violet-sensitive visual systems. Overall, our study provides important broad-scale insight into an enigmatic component of avian colouration, as well as demonstrating that deep learning has considerable promise for allowing new data to be bought to bare on long-standing questions in ecology and evolution.

scholarly journals The role of evolutionary time, diversification rates and dispersal in determining the global diversity of a large radiation of passerine birds

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1612-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianlong Cai ◽  
Shimiao Shao ◽  
Jonathan D. Kennedy ◽  
Per Alström ◽  
Robert G. Moyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Diversification Rates ◽  
Global Diversity ◽  
Time Diversification

scholarly journals Differential Role of Passerine Birds in Distribution of Borrelia Spirochetes, Based on Data from Ticks Collected from Birds during the Postbreeding Migration Period in Central Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Dubska ◽  
Ivan Literak ◽  
Elena Kocianova ◽  
Veronika Taragelova ◽  
Oldrich Sychra
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Borrelia Garinii ◽  
The Czech Republic

ABSTRACT Borrelia spirochetes in bird-feeding ticks were studied in the Czech Republic. During the postbreeding period (July to September 2005), 1,080 passerine birds infested by 2,240 Ixodes ricinus subadult ticks were examined. Borrelia garinii was detected in 22.2% of the ticks, Borrelia valaisiana was detected in 12.8% of the ticks, Borrelia afzelii was detected in 1.6% of the ticks, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto was detected in 0.3% of the ticks. After analysis of infections in which the blood meal volume and the stage of the ticks were considered, we concluded that Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula), song thrushes (Turdus philomelos), and great tits (Parus major) are capable of transmitting B. garinii; that juvenile blackbirds and song thrushes are prominent reservoirs for B. garinii spirochetes; that some other passerine birds investigated play minor roles in transmitting B. garinii; and that the presence B. afzelii in ticks results from infection in a former stage. Thus, while B. garinii transmission is associated with only a few passerine bird species, these birds have the potential to distribute millions of Lyme disease spirochetes between urban areas.

scholarly journals The macroecology of passerine nest types, in the light of macroevolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. McEntee ◽  
Zoe Zelazny ◽  
J. Gordon Burleigh
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Data Accessibility ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Cavity Nests

AbstractPasserine birds build a diversity of nests to lay and incubate eggs, and to house nestlings. Open cup, dome, and hole (or cavity) nests have distinct advantages and/or disadvantages related to predation risk and thermoregulation. We used macroecological and macroevolutionary approaches to test contrasting predictions from considering these consequences. Patterns of prevalence across latitude and elevation for the roofed nest types (holes and domes) provide no evidence that their thermoregulation benefits promote colonization of colder environments. These patterns are more consistent with the role of predation in determining where dome-nesting species in particular occur. Macroevolutionary analyses suggest that diversity patterns for nest types along major ecological gradients mostly arise from how clades with conserved nest types have diversified across gradients, rather than arising from local adaptation. Lastly, we reveal a negative relationship between body mass and latitude in hole-nesting passerines, which runs counter to Bergmann’s rule.Statement of authorshipJPM and JGB designed the study. JPM and ZZ compiled data from the literature. JPM performed statistical analyses with input from JGB. JPM and JGB wrote the manuscript, and ZZ contributed to revisions.Data accessibility statementsData were obtained from existing sources in the literature, cited in the manuscript.

scholarly journals Polarized skylight does not calibrate the compass system of a migratory bat

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 20150525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Lindecke ◽  
Christian C. Voigt ◽  
Gunārs Pētersons ◽  
Richard A. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Consistent Feature ◽  
Compass System

In a recent study, Greif et al. (Greif et al. Nat Commun 5, 4488. ( doi:10.1038/ncomms5488 )) demonstrated a functional role of polarized light for a bat species confronted with a homing task. These non-migratory bats appeared to calibrate their magnetic compass by using polarized skylight at dusk, yet it is unknown if migratory bats also use these cues for calibration. During autumn migration, we equipped Nathusius' bats, Pipistrellus nathusii , with radio transmitters and tested if experimental animals exposed during dusk to a 90° rotated band of polarized light would head in a different direction compared with control animals. After release, bats of both groups continued their journey in the same direction. This observation argues against the use of a polarization-calibrated magnetic compass by this migratory bat and questions that the ability of using polarized light for navigation is a consistent feature in bats. This finding matches with observations in some passerine birds that used polarized light for calibration of their magnetic compass before but not during migration.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor
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