Mating Systems, Sexual Dimorphism, and the Role of Male North American Passerine Birds in the Nesting Cycle Jared Verner Mary F. Willson

The Auk ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Ricklefs
Ecology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Verner ◽  
Mary F. Willson

Author(s):  
Ana Brígida Paiva

As works of fction, gamebooks offer narrative-bound choices – the reader generally takes on the role of a character inserted in the narrative itself, with gamebooks consequently tending towards being a story told in the second-person perspective. In pursuance of this aim, they can, in some cases, adopt gender-neutral language as regards grammatical gender, which in turn poses a translation challenge when rendering the texts into Portuguese, a language strongly marked by grammatical gender. Stemming from an analysis of a number of gamebooks in R. L. Stine’s popular Give Yourself Goosebumps series, this article seeks to understand how gender indeterminacy (when present) is kept in translation, while examining the strategies used to this effect by Portuguese translators – and particularly how ideas of implied readership come into play in the dialogue between the North-American and Portuguese literary systems.


BioScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan K. Knapp ◽  
John M. Blair ◽  
John M. Briggs ◽  
Scott L. Collins ◽  
David C. Hartnett ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4620
Author(s):  
Holly J. Woodward ◽  
Dongxing Zhu ◽  
Patrick W. F. Hadoke ◽  
Victoria E. MacRae

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD), including aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular calcification, are well documented. High levels of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular calcification, whilst estrogen, the primary female sex hormone, is considered cardioprotective. Current understanding of sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular calcification is still very limited. This review assesses the evidence that the actions of sex hormones influence the development of cardiovascular calcification. We address the current question of whether sex hormones could play a role in the sexual dimorphism seen in cardiovascular calcification, by discussing potential mechanisms of actions of sex hormones and evidence in pre-clinical research. More advanced investigations and understanding of sex hormones in calcification could provide a better translational outcome for those suffering with cardiovascular calcification.


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