scholarly journals Characterization of the exoskeleton of the Antarctic king crab Paralomis birsteini

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittan V. Steffel ◽  
Kathryn E. Smith ◽  
Gary H. Dickinson ◽  
Jennifer A. Flannery ◽  
Kerstin A. Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
King Crab ◽  
The Antarctic

Ribosomal cold-adaptation: Characterization of the genes encoding the acidic ribosomal P0 and P2 proteins from the Antarctic ciliate Euplotes focardii

Gene ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Pucciarelli ◽  
Francesca Marziale ◽  
Graziano Di Giuseppe ◽  
Sabrina Barchetta ◽  
Cristina Miceli
Keyword(s):  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Characterization of Staphylococcus intermedius Group Isolates Associated with Animals from Antarctica and Emended Description of Staphylococcus delphini

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Vrbovská ◽  
Ivo Sedláček ◽  
Michal Zeman ◽  
Pavel Švec ◽  
Vojtěch Kovařovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Protein Distribution ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Weddell Seals ◽  
Polymerase Beta ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
The Antarctic

Members of the genus Staphylococcus are widespread in nature and occupy a variety of niches, however, staphylococcal colonization of animals in the Antarctic environment has not been adequately studied. Here, we describe the first isolation and characterization of two Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) members, Staphylococcus delphini and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, in Antarctic wildlife. Staphylococcus delphini were found exclusively in Adélie penguins. The report of S. pseudintermedius from Weddell seals confirmed its occurrence in all families of the suborder Caniformia. Partial RNA polymerase beta-subunit (rpoB) gene sequencing, repetitive PCR fingerprinting with the (GTG)5 primer, and matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry gave consistent identification results and proved to be suitable for identifying SIG members. Comparative genomics of S. delphini isolates revealed variable genomic elements, including new prophages, a novel phage-inducible chromosomal island, and numerous putative virulence factors. Surface and extracellular protein distribution were compared between genomes and showed strain-specific profiles. The pathogenic potential of S. delphini was enhanced by a novel type of exfoliative toxin, trypsin-like serine protease cluster, and enterotoxin C. Detailed analysis of phenotypic characteristics performed on six Antarctic isolates of S. delphini and eight reference strains from different animal sources enabled us to emend the species description of S. delphini.

Cloning, expression, and characterization of a chitinase gene from the Antarctic psychrotolerant bacterium Vibrio sp. strain Fi:7

Extremophiles ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bendt ◽  
Heike Hüller ◽  
Ulrike Kammel ◽  
Elisabeth Helmke ◽  
Thomas Schweder
Keyword(s):  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Psychrotolerant Bacterium ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Extracellular Enzymes and Bioactive Compounds from Antarctic Terrestrial Fungi for Bioprospecting

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6459
Author(s):  
Laura Zucconi ◽  
Fabiana Canini ◽  
Marta Elisabetta Temporiti ◽  
Solveig Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Antarctic Soils ◽  
Terrestrial Fungi ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

Antarctica, one of the harshest environments in the world, has been successfully colonized by extremophilic, psychrophilic, and psychrotolerant microorganisms, facing a range of extreme conditions. Fungi are the most diverse taxon in the Antarctic ecosystems, including soils. Genetic adaptation to this environment results in the synthesis of a range of metabolites, with different functional roles in relation to the biotic and abiotic environmental factors, some of which with new biological properties of potential biotechnological interest. An overview on the production of cold-adapted enzymes and other bioactive secondary metabolites from filamentous fungi and yeasts isolated from Antarctic soils is here provided and considerations on their ecological significance are reported. A great number of researches have been carried out to date, based on cultural approaches. More recently, metagenomics approaches are expected to increase our knowledge on metabolic potential of these organisms, leading to the characterization of unculturable taxa. The search on fungi in Antarctica deserves to be improved, since it may represent a useful strategy for finding new metabolic pathways and, consequently, new bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Phylotypic Characterization of Mycobionts and Photobionts of Rock Tripe Lichen in East Antarctica

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merry Sailonga Faluaburu ◽  
Ryosuke Nakai ◽  
Satoshi Imura ◽  
Takeshi Naganuma
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
The Common ◽  
Valley Site ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Specially Protected Areas ◽  
High Diversity

Saxicolous rock ripe lichens that grow on rocks in the East Antarctic fellfields were sampled for phylotypic characterization of its constituent mycobionts (fungi) and photobionts (algae and cyanobacteria). The rock tripe lichen-forming fungal and algal phylotypes were classified under the common lichen-forming genera of ascomycetes, namely, Umbilicaria, and green algae, namely, Trebouxia and Coccomyxa. However, phylotypes of the green algal chloroplasts and the lichen-associated cyanobacteria showed unexpectedly high diversity. The detected chloroplast phylotypes were not fully affiliated with the green algal genera Trebouxia or Coccomyxa. The predominant chloroplast phylotype demonstrated maximum resemblance to Neglectella solitaria, which is neither a known Antarctic species nor a typical lichen photobiont. Another dominant chloroplast phylotype belonged to the atypical Antarctic green algae family. Cyanobacterial phylotypes were dominated by those affiliated with the Microcoleus species rather than the well-known lichen-associates, Nostoc species. The occurrences of these Microcoleus-affiliated cyanobacterial phylotypes were specifically abundant within the Yukidori Valley site, one of the Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPA). The ASPA site, along with another 50 km-distant site, yielded most of the cryptic diversity in the phylotypes of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, which may contribute to the phenotypic variability within the rock tripe lichen photobionts.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of a recombinant replication protein (Rep) from the Antarctic bacteriumPsychrobactersp. TA144

2001 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Duilio ◽  
M.Luisa Tutino ◽  
Vittoria Matafora ◽  
Giovanni Sannia ◽  
Gennaro Marino
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Replication Protein ◽  
The Antarctic
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