Geographical epidemiology of road safety in Nigeria: The importance of weighted accident severity risk index in spatiotemporal analysis and injury epidemiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodeji E. Iyanda
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Injury Epidemiology ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Geographical Epidemiology

scholarly journals Road Safety Performance Assessment: A New Road Network Risk Index for Info Mobility

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 624-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaiana Rosolino ◽  
Iuele Teresa ◽  
Astarita Vittorio ◽  
Festa D. Carmine ◽  
Tassitani Antonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Network Risk

scholarly journals The Effects of Roadside Hazards on Road Accident Severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Budzyński ◽  
Kazimierz Jamroz ◽  
Łukasz Jeliński ◽  
Anna Gobis
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road User ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Equipment ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
The Road ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Safety Strategies ◽  
Accident Severity

Abstract The risk of becoming involved in an accident emerges when elements of the transport system do not operate properly (man – vehicle – road – roadside). The road, its traffic layout and safety equipment have a critical impact on road user safety. This gives infrastructural work a priority in road safety strategies and programmes. Run-off-road accidents continue to be one of the biggest problems of road safety with consequences including vehicle roll-over or hitting a roadside object. This type of incident represents more than 20% of rural accidents and about 18% of all road deaths in Poland. Mathematical models must be developed to determine how selected roadside factors affect road safety and provide a basis for new roadside design rules and guidelines.

In-Database Analysis of Road Safety and Prediction of Accident Severity

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
Sejal Chandra ◽  
Parmeet Kaur ◽  
Himanshi Sharma ◽  
Vaishnavi Varshney ◽  
Medhavani Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Accident Severity

scholarly journals Impact of a Lower Conservation Budget on Road Safety Indices

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rojo ◽  
H. Gonzalo-Orden ◽  
A. Linares ◽  
L. dell’Olio
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Road ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
Safety Indices

Over the past few years, several countries, including Spain, have been experiencing a period of economic recession. As a result, these governments have reduced their budgets for transport infrastructures (both construction and maintenance operations). The main objective of this study is to analyze whether these budget reductions have an effect on increased accident rates and to perform an assessment of their real economic benefit. Thus, we analyze whether significant changes over recent years are perceptible in the road safety indexes in Spain, in terms of risk, accident fatality, and accident severity. The relation between lower budgets and higher road safety indices is analyzed through linear regression techniques. The results show a strong relation between the Risk Index and the maintenance budget, measured as an average of the last years. In addition, a final economic assessment demonstrates that this reduction in investment had no real economic benefits, especially as the costs of the accidents exceeded the savings in the conservation plans.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Analysis of Environmental Factors on the Birdstrike Risk in High Plateau Airport with Multi-Scale Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9357
Author(s):  
Quan Shao ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Pei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
High Plateau ◽  
Key Factor

The aircrafts’ engine performance deteriorates sharply during the take-off and landing at high plateau airport. This situation increases the take-off or landing distance, aggravating the hidden danger of birdstrikes at high plateau airport. This paper first used GIS to classify and rasterize the bird data and calculated the monthly Birdstrike Risk Index (BRI) within 6, 13, and 25 km radii of Lhasa Airport, based on the bird observation data of Tibet and the birdstrike data of Lhasa Airport from 2015 to 2019. The spatiotemporal relationships between the BRI and the environmental factors around Lhasa Airport were compared by the Geographically or Temporally Weighted Regression (GWR or TWR) model and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model. The results showed that the temporal nonstationary effect of environmental factors was more significant than that of spatial nonstationary at Lhasa Airport. Besides, the composition of land types had positive impacts on birdstrike risk within the 6 km radius, and this scope was broader than that of the plain airport. Within the 13 km and 25 km ranges, the water distribution and the altitude during dry season also positively impacted birdstrike risk. Moreover, the key factor to birdstrike risk was the water distribution in December.

scholarly journals Development and Verification of a Risk Index for Evaluating the Chemical Accident Risk of Korean Chemical Enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4409
Author(s):  
Saemi Shin ◽  
Sang-Hoon Byeon ◽  
Jong-Ryeul Sohn ◽  
Kyong Whan Moon
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Current System ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Enterprise Information ◽  
Chemical Accidents ◽  
Chemical Accident ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Incident Rate

The scale of the damage due to chemical accidents in Korea is significant, and appropriate preparation and response are required. Currently, Korean enterprises are managed on the basis of the presence of certain substances. However, chemicals other than these also cause chemical accidents. It is necessary to develop a relative ranking risk index that can be calculated through use of the chemical enterprise information on chemical enterprises that is available. The Korean chemical accident risk index (KCARI), which consists of the flammability, reactivity, explosiveness, corrosiveness, toxicity, and inventory sub-indices, was developed and verified by determining the for difference in KCARI was performed by accident, and accident severity category, calculating the correlation between the KCARI values, the factors, and some sub-indices, determining how an increase in the KCARI would impact how the incident rate changed as KCARI increased and how well the KCARI can predict the chemical accident risk of chemical handling enterprises, and confirming the consistency of the proposed index and the current system. These results indicated that the frequency and severity of chemical accidents, and the presence of accidental substances, showed significant differences in the KCARI values. However, there were limitations in the ability of the fitted model to precisely predict the accident. Thus, this model can be used as a tool for the early screening and management of enterprises with a high risk of chemical accident.

Predicting Severity of Accidents in Malaysia By Ordinal Logistic Regression Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Uneb Gazder ◽  
Ashar Ahmed ◽  
Umaira Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Road Width ◽  
Research Institute

This study was aimed at determining the relationships of accident severity using road environment and traveller characteristics. Ordinal logistic regression models were used in this study. The accident data was provided by Malaysian Research Institute of Road Safety (MIROS) for all accidents which occurred in Penang state during 2006-2011. It was observed that motorbikes were predominantly involved in these accidents, hence, it was decided to develop three separate models; one for the overall data, and others for accidents with and without motorbikes. Logistic regression models showed that commercial land use, road width and experience of driver are important factors that may increase severity of accidents. Shoulder width was found to decrease the severity of motorbike accidents. Commercial land use, road width and driver experience have more impact on motorbike accidents as compared to accidents of other vehicles.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Roadway and Development Factors on the Rural Road Safety Risk Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Shahriar Afandizadeh ◽  
Shahab Hassanpour
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Accident Frequency ◽  
Frequency Rate ◽  
Rural Road ◽  
The Difference

As roadway and development factors are identified as the most effective factors contributing to road traffic accidents, investigating these factors could lead to reducing the accident frequency rate. However, previous works focused on investigating the effect of roadway factors on the accident frequency rate using statistical analysis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of roadway and development factors on the accident frequency rate using ANOVA and Chi-square tests on a rural road. Secondly, it aimed to develop a rural road safety risk index based on K-means clustering and Gaussian models. The findings indicated that the operating speed and the differences between posted speed limits and the operating speed are the pivotal influencing factors on the accident frequency rate. Moreover, clustering analysis of the roadway and development factors on the two-lane, two-way road of Borujerd-Khorramabad indicated six clusters which were identified as highly, relatively highly, moderately, relatively lowly, lowly risky, and not risky (safe) clusters. Regarding clusters, the accident frequency rate increased by decreasing the difference between the posted speed limits and the operating speed from the safe cluster. In addition, the risky index model based on the Gaussian model showed that the average reducing factor of accident frequency rate reached 0.99 by increasing per km/hr in the difference between the posted speed limits and the operating speed among low risky and safe clusters, while it was equal to 1.17 in risky and unsafe clusters. The comparison of the clusters revealed that accident occurrence probability in risky clusters was more than the ones in low risky or safe clusters. Therefore, the maximum and minimum values of the safety risk index were observed in the sixth and the third clusters, respectively.

Development of a Road Safety Risk Index

2002 ◽  
Vol 1784 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul de Leur ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
The Road ◽  
Program Success

The cornerstone of most safety management programs consists of a “collision-prone location” program, where significant collision history must exist and be identified before improvements are recommended. Often, these programs are solely dependent on collision records and thus program success is governed by the data quality. Unfortunately, in many jurisdictions in North America, the quantity and quality of collision data have been degrading for several years. This growing problem is jeopardizing the success and continuance of many road safety programs. To help mitigate this problem, it is believed that a subjective evaluation technique could be developed that does not rely on collision statistics and that could be used to identify and diagnose problematic areas. The development and application of a risk index used for road safety evaluation are described. The risk index is developed as a driver-based, subjective assessment of the potential road safety risks for in-service roadways. The objective of developing the safety risk index is to produce a technique to support road safety analysis that does not rely on deteriorating collision data. The road safety risk index was developed and tested to ensure consistency between observers in their subjective assessment of safety. In addition, the results from the risk index were compared with results from objectively derived road safety measures to evaluate the success of the road safety risk index. The comparison indicates that there is a statistically significant agreement between the results of the risk index and the objectively derived road safety measures.

scholarly journals Evaluating Traffic Risk Indexes in Iran’s Rural Roads. Case Study: Ardabil-Meshkin Rural Road

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Mazdak Sadeghpour ◽  
Mehdi Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Limited Budget ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Abstract The main objective of this study is to rank the chief parameters and their important features which lead to rural roads accidents in Iran. To conduct this, an item as Risk Index is defined as the risk of a parameter and feature causing road accidents. Of all detected parameters, only five parameters and their features were chosen. Then Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to find the scores of Risk Indexes of each parameter and feature to rank them with regard to the two main criteria. These criteria were “Effect on Accidents Number” and “Effect on Accident Severity”. The data of this research was collected from two forms of questionnaires. Each of the 622 participants of this research filled both forms of the questionnaires. The results show that considering only Risk Index of main parameters in rural roads led to a big misunderstanding about detecting traffic accident causes. A comparison between obtained scores for both Risk Indexes of parameters and features clarifies that paying more attention to road features rather than road parameters can bring about detecting hazardous locations more accurately to assign limited budget to vulnerable locations in rural roads and decrease the rate of traffic accidents.

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