scholarly journals Epidemiology and molecular characterization of influenza viruses in Burkina Faso, sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armel M. Sanou ◽  
Sampoko Carine M. Wandaogo ◽  
Armel Poda ◽  
Laure Tamini ◽  
Anselme E. Kyere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Characterization of virulence factors of Salmonella isolated from human stools and street food in urban areas of Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite E. M. Nikiema ◽  
Solange Kakou-ngazoa ◽  
Absatou Ky/Ba ◽  
Aboubacar Sylla ◽  
Evariste Bako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Serological Identification ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background This study was undertaken to identify and functionally characterize virulence genes from Salmonella isolates in street food and stool cultures. From February 2017 to May 2018, clinical and food Salmonella strains were isolated in three regions in Burkina Faso. Salmonella was serotyped according to the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detec invA, spvR, spvC, fimA and stn virulence genes commonly associated with salmonellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa. Results A total of 106 Salmonella isolates (77 human stools; 14 sandwiches) was analyzed using a serological identification with an O-group test reagent. The presence of Salmonella was confirmed in 86% (91/106) of the samples were reactive (OMA-positive/OMB-positive). Salmonella serogroup O:4,5 was the most common serogroup detected (40%; 36/91). Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium represented 5.5% (5/91) and 3.3% (3/91), respectively and were identified only from clinical isolates. Furthermore, 14 serotypes of Salmonella (12/91 human strains and 2/15 sandwich strains) were evocative of Kentucky/Bargny serotype. For the genetic profile, 66% (70/106) of the Salmonella had invA and stn genes; 77.4% (82/106) had the fimA gene. The spvR gene was found in 36.8% (39/106) of the isolates while 48.1% (51/106) had the spvC gene. Among the identified Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from stools, the virulence genes detected were invA (3/5) versus (2/3), fimA (4/5) versus (3/3), stn (3/5) versus (2/3), spvR (4/5) versus (2/3) and spvC (3/5) versus (2/3), respectively. Conclusion This study reports the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes and virulence genes in clinical isolates and in street foods. It shows that food could be a significant source of Salmonella transmission to humans. Our results could help decision-making by the Burkina Faso health authority in the fight against street food-related diseases, in particular by training restaurateurs in food hygiene.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Wilms' tumor from a resource-constrained region of sub-Saharan Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. E983-E994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Murphy ◽  
Jason R. Axt ◽  
Christian de Caestecker ◽  
Janene Pierce ◽  
Hernan Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Sub Saharan

Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Cissus Aralioides.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balogun Olaoye Solomon ◽  
Ajayi Olukayode Solomon ◽  
Owolabi Temitayo Abidemi ◽  
Oladimeji Abdulkarbir Oladele ◽  
Liu Zhiqiang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chromatographic Purification ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
First Time

: Cissus aralioides is a medicinal plant used in sub-Saharan Africa for treatment of infectious diseases; however the chemical constituents of the plant have not been investigated. Thus, in this study, attempt was made at identifying predominant phytochemical constituents of the plant through chromatographic purification and silylation of the plant extract, and subsequent characterization using spectroscopic and GC-MS techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) for the antibacterial activities of the plant extract, chromatographic fractions and isolated compounds were also examined. Chromatographic purification of the ethyl acetate fraction from the whole plant afforded three compounds: β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2) and friedelin (3). The phytosterols (1 and 2) were obtained together as a mixture. The GC-MS analysis of silylated extract indicated alcohols, fatty acids and sugars as predominant classes, with composition of 24.62, 36.90 and 26.52% respectively. Results of MICs indicated that friedelin and other chromatographic fractions had values (0.0626-1.0 mg/mL) comparable with the standard antibiotics used. Characterization of natural products from C. aralioides is being reported for the first time in this study.

scholarly journals Contraceptive dynamics during COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: longitudinal evidence from Burkina Faso and Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2020-200944
Author(s):  
Celia Karp ◽  
Shannon N Wood ◽  
Georges Guiella ◽  
Peter Gichangi ◽  
Suzanne O Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Contraceptive Services ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Sub Saharan

IntroductionEvidence from health emergencies suggests COVID-19 will disrupt women’s sexual and reproductive health (SRH). In sub-Saharan Africa, which experiences the highest rates of unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion globally, COVID-19 is projected to slow recent progress toward universal access to contraceptive services.MethodsWe used longitudinal data collected from women at risk of unintended pregnancy in Burkina Faso (n=1186) and Kenya (n=2784) before (November 2019–February 2020) and during (May–July 2020) COVID-19 to quantify contraceptive dynamics during COVID-19; examine sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 experiences related to contraceptive dynamics; and assess COVID-19-related reasons for contraceptive non-use. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine correlates of contraceptive dynamics amid COVID-19.ResultsMost women did not change their contraceptive status during COVID-19 (68.6% in Burkina Faso and 81.6% in Kenya) and those who did were more likely to adopt a method (25.4% and 13.1%, respectively) than to discontinue (6.0% and 5.3%, respectively). Most women who switched contraceptives were using methods as or more effective than their pre-pandemic contraception. Economic instability related to COVID-19 was associated with increased contraceptive protection in Burkina Faso but not in Kenya. Altogether, 14.4% of non-contraceptive users in Kenya and 3.8% in Burkina Faso identified COVID-19-related reasons for non-use.ConclusionsThe vast majority of women at risk of unintended pregnancy did not change their contraceptive status during COVID-19, and more women adopted than discontinued methods. A minority of women reported COVID-19-related reasons for non-use, underscoring the importance of expanding safe modes of service delivery during health crises.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of equine H3N8 influenza viruses from Greece (2003 and 2007): Evidence for reassortment between evolutionary lineages

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bountouri ◽  
Eirini Fragkiadaki ◽  
Vasileios Ntafis ◽  
Theo Kanellos ◽  
Eftychia Xylouri
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

scholarly journals The Orphan Crop Crassocephalum crepidioides Accumulates the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Jacobine in Response to Nitrogen Starvation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schramm ◽  
Wilfried Rozhon ◽  
Adebimpe N. Adedeji-Badmus ◽  
Yuanyuan Liang ◽  
Shahran Nayem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Homospermidine Synthase ◽  
Orphan Crop

Crassocephalum crepidioides is an African orphan crop that is used as a leafy vegetable and medicinal plant. Although it is of high regional importance in Sub-Saharan Africa, the plant is still mainly collected from the wild and therefore efforts are made to promote its domestication. However, in addition to beneficial properties, there was first evidence that C. crepidioides can accumulate the highly toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) jacobine and here it was investigated, how jacobine production is controlled. Using ecotypes from Africa and Asia that were characterized in terms of their PA profiles, it is shown that the tetraploid C. crepidioides forms jacobine, an ability that its diploid close relative Crassocephalum rubens appears to lack. Evidence is provided that nitrogen (N) deficiency strongly increases jacobine in the leaves of C. crepidioides, that this capacity depends more strongly on the shoot than the root system, and that homospermidine synthase (HSS) activity is not rate-limiting for this reaction. A characterization of HSS gene representation and transcription showed that C. crepidioides and C. rubens possess two functional versions, one of which is conserved, that the HSS transcript is mainly present in roots and that its abundance is not controlled by N deficiency. In summary, this work improves our understanding of how environmental cues impact PA biosynthesis in plants and provides a basis for the development of PA-free C. crepidioides cultivars, which will aid its domestication and safe use.

scholarly journals The Geographic Variation of Surveillance and Zoonotic Spillover Potential of Influenza Viruses in Domestic Poultry and Swine

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A Berger ◽  
David M Pigott ◽  
Francesca Tomlinson ◽  
David Godding ◽  
Sebastian Maurer-Stroh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Domestic Poultry ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Virus Emergence

Abstract Background Avian and swine influenza viruses circulate worldwide and pose threats to both animal and human health. The design of global surveillance strategies is hindered by information gaps on the geospatial variation in virus emergence potential and existing surveillance efforts. Methods We developed a spatial framework to quantify the geographic variation in outbreak emergence potential based on indices of potential for animal-to-human and secondary human-to-human transmission. We then compared our resultant raster model of variation in emergence potential with the global distribution of recent surveillance efforts from 359105 reports of surveillance activities. Results Our framework identified regions of Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, Central America, and sub-Saharan Africa with high potential for influenza virus spillover. In the last 15 years, however, we found that 78.43% and 49.01% of high-risk areas lacked evidence of influenza virus surveillance in swine and domestic poultry, respectively. Conclusions Our work highlights priority areas where improved surveillance and outbreak mitigation could enhance pandemic preparedness strategies.

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