scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Wilms' tumor from a resource-constrained region of sub-Saharan Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. E983-E994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Murphy ◽  
Jason R. Axt ◽  
Christian de Caestecker ◽  
Janene Pierce ◽  
Hernan Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Epidemiology and molecular characterization of influenza viruses in Burkina Faso, sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armel M. Sanou ◽  
Sampoko Carine M. Wandaogo ◽  
Armel Poda ◽  
Laure Tamini ◽  
Anselme E. Kyere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Cissus Aralioides.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balogun Olaoye Solomon ◽  
Ajayi Olukayode Solomon ◽  
Owolabi Temitayo Abidemi ◽  
Oladimeji Abdulkarbir Oladele ◽  
Liu Zhiqiang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chromatographic Purification ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
First Time

: Cissus aralioides is a medicinal plant used in sub-Saharan Africa for treatment of infectious diseases; however the chemical constituents of the plant have not been investigated. Thus, in this study, attempt was made at identifying predominant phytochemical constituents of the plant through chromatographic purification and silylation of the plant extract, and subsequent characterization using spectroscopic and GC-MS techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) for the antibacterial activities of the plant extract, chromatographic fractions and isolated compounds were also examined. Chromatographic purification of the ethyl acetate fraction from the whole plant afforded three compounds: β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2) and friedelin (3). The phytosterols (1 and 2) were obtained together as a mixture. The GC-MS analysis of silylated extract indicated alcohols, fatty acids and sugars as predominant classes, with composition of 24.62, 36.90 and 26.52% respectively. Results of MICs indicated that friedelin and other chromatographic fractions had values (0.0626-1.0 mg/mL) comparable with the standard antibiotics used. Characterization of natural products from C. aralioides is being reported for the first time in this study.

scholarly journals The Orphan Crop Crassocephalum crepidioides Accumulates the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Jacobine in Response to Nitrogen Starvation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schramm ◽  
Wilfried Rozhon ◽  
Adebimpe N. Adedeji-Badmus ◽  
Yuanyuan Liang ◽  
Shahran Nayem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Homospermidine Synthase ◽  
Orphan Crop

Crassocephalum crepidioides is an African orphan crop that is used as a leafy vegetable and medicinal plant. Although it is of high regional importance in Sub-Saharan Africa, the plant is still mainly collected from the wild and therefore efforts are made to promote its domestication. However, in addition to beneficial properties, there was first evidence that C. crepidioides can accumulate the highly toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) jacobine and here it was investigated, how jacobine production is controlled. Using ecotypes from Africa and Asia that were characterized in terms of their PA profiles, it is shown that the tetraploid C. crepidioides forms jacobine, an ability that its diploid close relative Crassocephalum rubens appears to lack. Evidence is provided that nitrogen (N) deficiency strongly increases jacobine in the leaves of C. crepidioides, that this capacity depends more strongly on the shoot than the root system, and that homospermidine synthase (HSS) activity is not rate-limiting for this reaction. A characterization of HSS gene representation and transcription showed that C. crepidioides and C. rubens possess two functional versions, one of which is conserved, that the HSS transcript is mainly present in roots and that its abundance is not controlled by N deficiency. In summary, this work improves our understanding of how environmental cues impact PA biosynthesis in plants and provides a basis for the development of PA-free C. crepidioides cultivars, which will aid its domestication and safe use.

scholarly journals Pteropine Orthoreovirus in an Angolan Soft-Furred Fruit Bat (Lissonycteris angolensis) in Uganda Dramatically Expands the Global Distribution of an Emerging Bat-Borne Respiratory Virus

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Bennett ◽  
Tony L. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Zoonotic Virus ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Dsrna Genome ◽  
Sub Saharan

Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV; Reoviridae: Spinareovirinae) is an emerging bat-borne zoonotic virus that causes influenza-like illness (ILI). PRV has thus far been found only in Australia and Asia, where diverse old-world fruit bats (Pteropodidae) serve as hosts. In this study, we report the discovery of PRV in Africa, in an Angolan soft-furred fruit bat (Lissonycteris angolensis ruwenzorii) from Bundibugyo District, Uganda. Metagenomic characterization of a rectal swab yielded 10 dsRNA genome segments, revealing this virus to cluster within the known diversity of PRV variants detected in bats and humans in Southeast Asia. Phylogeographic analyses revealed a correlation between geographic distance and genetic divergence of PRVs globally, which suggests a geographic continuum of PRV diversity spanning Southeast Asia to sub-Saharan Africa. The discovery of PRV in an African bat dramatically expands the geographic range of this zoonotic virus and warrants further surveillance for PRVs outside of Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Genetic dissection of drug resistance in trypanosomes

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 1478-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAM ALSFORD ◽  
JOHN M. KELLY ◽  
NICOLA BAKER ◽  
DAVID HORN
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Identification And Characterization

SUMMARYThe trypanosomes cause two neglected tropical diseases, Chagas disease in the Americas and African trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. Over recent years a raft of molecular tools have been developed enabling the genetic dissection of many aspects of trypanosome biology, including the mechanisms underlying resistance to some of the current clinical and veterinary drugs. This has led to the identification and characterization of key resistance determinants, including transporters for the anti-Trypanosoma bruceidrugs, melarsoprol, pentamidine and eflornithine, and the activator of nifurtimox-benznidazole, the anti-Trypanosoma cruzidrugs. More recently, advances in sequencing technology, combined with the development of RNA interference libraries in the clinically relevant bloodstream form ofT. bruceihave led to an exponential increase in the number of proteins known to interact either directly or indirectly with the anti-trypanosomal drugs. In this review, we discuss these findings and the technological developments that are set to further revolutionise our understanding of drug-trypanosome interactions. The new knowledge gained should inform the development of novel interventions against the devastating diseases caused by these parasites.

Management of Children With a Wilms Tumor in Malawi, Sub-Saharan Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 606-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trijn Israels ◽  
Eric Borgstein ◽  
Dalida Pidini ◽  
George Chagaluka ◽  
Jan de Kraker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

The characterization of Brucella strains isolated from cattle in Algeria reveals the existence of a B. abortus lineage distinct from European and Sub-Saharan Africa strains

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mammar Khames ◽  
Virginie Mick ◽  
M. Jesús de Miguel ◽  
Guillaume Girault ◽  
Raquel Conde-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Faecal sludge as a solid industrial fuel: a pilot-scale study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Gold ◽  
Daniel Isaac Waya Ddiba ◽  
Alsane Seck ◽  
Patrick Sekigongo ◽  
Alassane Diene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Revenues from faecal sludge (FS) treatment end products could offset treatment costs and contribute to financially viable sanitation. In urban sub-Saharan Africa, energy-producing resource recovery has the potential to generate greater revenue than use as soil conditioner. In contrast with wastewater sludge, the technical feasibility of using dried FS as solid fuel in industries has not been investigated. This study evaluated it through characterization of dried FS from drying beds and by assessing the combustion performance in two pilot-scale kilns, in Kampala and Dakar. Results from the fuel characterization demonstrate that dried FS had comparable fuel characteristics as wastewater sludge considering calorific value and ash content. The calorific values and ash contents were 10.9–13.4 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) and 47.0–58.7%, respectively. Results from pilot-scale experiments suggest that dried FS can be effective in providing energy for industries. Temperatures in pilot-scale kilns fueled by FS were 800 °C, sufficient for curing of clay bricks, and 437 °C, sufficient for waste oil regeneration. In Kampala and Dakar, an estimated 20,000 tons of FS DM per year accumulate. Tapping the industrial fuel market and financial benefits could be realized through optimization of onsite sanitation and treatment technologies.

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