What Have We Learned That Is Critical in Understanding Leadership Perceptions and Leader-Performance Relations?

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Lord ◽  
Jessica E. Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Leadership Perceptions ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Leader Performance ◽  
And Performance

In this article, we provide a brief review of the current and past research on leadership perceptions and performance. We then describe four principles that have emerged from many decades of research, which can provide new directions for future leadership theory and research.

SET UP FOR GROWTH? — AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF GROWTH INTENTION AND BUSINESS MODELS

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1540009 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH MAHDJOUR
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

What do growth-oriented business models look like? While several economic theories, such as the theory of the firm, are based on the assumption that firms aim to maximise their profits, past research has shown that growth intention is heterogeneous among firms and that many business owners prefer to keep their firm at a size that they can manage with few resources. This paper explores the relationship of growth intention and business models, based on a sample of 135 German ICT businesses. Following an exploratory approach, Mann–Whitney U tests are applied to analyse how different business model designs correspond with different levels of growth intention. The results indicate that growth intention relates to business owners’ decisions regarding the provision of consulting services, the level of standardisation in offered products and services, the choice of addressed markets, the implementation of competitive strategies based on cost efficiency and of revenue streams based on one-time- and performance-based payments. Furthermore, the results show that growth oriented firms are no more likely than non-growth oriented firms to adapt their business models dynamically to changed internal or external conditions.

Health, comfort and performance of children in classrooms – New directions for research

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1040-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philomena M. Bluyssen
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
New Directions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Acoustic Conditions

Children spend more time in schools than in any other place except at home. Children are more susceptible than adults to effects of toxic exposure, but also to poor acoustic conditions. It is known for some time that unsatisfactory environmental conditions, can have both short-term and long-term health effects, and can affect productivity or learning ability of the children. The underlying literature study focusses on the role of the indoor school environment on the health, comfort and performance of children in classrooms. In the last decades, many studies all over the world have been performed to document the indoor environment in classrooms and to examine relations with diseases and disorders. An inventory is made of these studies, major identified issues are discussed and ‘new’ directions of research are proposed. It is concluded that new generation research studies should be focussed on engagement of the children in an active way, preferable in semi-lab environments, and taking account of all aspects and interactions between them.

scholarly journals The mediating role of hotel employees’ job satisfaction and performance in the relationship between authentic leadership and organizational performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Marija Kaštelan Mrak ◽  
Sanda Grudić Kvasić
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Positive Leadership ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
And Performance

Authentic leadership is a positive leadership theory, conceptualized under the influence of positive psychology and positive organizational behaviour movement. Although it has become a recognized leadership theory, it is still somewhat neglected in the hospitality literature. To address this gap, the paper seeks to develop and test a conceptual model linking authentic leadership to organizational performance in the hospitality context. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression analysis on a sample of 226 employees from 24 hotels in Croatia. The research results confirmed the positive impact of authentic leadership on hotels’ operational performance, which was mediated by followers’ job satisfaction and performance. There was no empirical support for the hypothesized impact of authentic leadership on hotels’ financial performance. The findings suggest that authentic leadership behaviours, together with positive organisational settings, characterized by flexible organizational structure, are more likely to enhance desirable employees’ attitudes and behaviours, resulting in improved organizational performance.

scholarly journals Ethical Codes as Instruments for Cooperative Sustainability

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Nooraslinda Abdul Aris ◽  
Rohana Othman ◽  
Safawi Abdul Rahman ◽  
Marziana Madah Marzuki ◽  
Wan Mohd Yusof Wan Chik
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Desirable Behavior

Numerous ethical breaches have made cooperatives, and their management endures pressure to improve their image and ethical performance. One of the ways identified is by adopting ethical codes. Codes are regarded as instruments to enhance social responsibility that contain open guidelines describing desirable behavior and closed guidelines prohibiting certain behaviors. Codes clarify the norms and values organizations seek to uphold. Regarded as social enterprises, cooperatives are compelled to scale up their operations for sustainability reasons towards positive contribution to the national economy. Past research on ethical codes affecting behavior, attitude and performance has yielded mixed results. In addition, there are very few studies devoted to cooperatives. This paper presents the results of scientific literature, highlighting how ethical codes and sustainability may progressively improve the cooperatives’ image and reputation in the eyes of the stakeholders.     Keywords: ethical codes, social responsibility, sustainability, cooperative

Managerial assignments of credit and blame: a five-country study of leadership desirability

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-762
Author(s):  
C. Lakshman ◽  
Kubilay Gok ◽  
Linh Chi Vo
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Leadership Perceptions ◽  
Implicit Leadership ◽  
Implicit Leadership Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subordinate Performance ◽  
Blame Attributions ◽  
Literature Highlight ◽  
Different Cultures

Purpose Although the international business literature has examined leader traits that are desirable in different cultures, it has not examined critical behaviors or managerial attributions of credit and blame. Credit and blame attributions have important consequences for the desirability of leadership across cultures. Arguing that these types of managerial attributions are likely to have a strong impact on what constitutes desirable leadership; the authors examine them in five countries, namely, USA, France, India, Turkey and Vietnam. The purpose of this paper is to contribute by examining the influence of credit and blame attributions on subordinate satisfaction and leadership perceptions (desirability), unaddressed in the literature. Design/methodology/approach The model was tested using questionnaire responses of subordinates in a variety of business organizations, from the five countries indicated, including manufacturing, telecommunication, financial and other services. Findings Using the implicit leadership theory, the authors contribute by demonstrating the importance of these attributions for leadership perceptions in five different cultures. The results are supportive of the hypotheses and suggest the important moderating role of subordinate performance for leadership perceptions. The authors discuss findings in the context of the literature, highlight contributions and identify limitations and future directions. Originality/value Using the implicit leadership theory, the authors contribute by demonstrating the importance of these attributions for leadership perceptions in five different cultures.

Project Success: What is the Role of Project Team Morale and How It Can Be Boosted?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi H. Aronson ◽  
Thomas G. Lechler
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Team Leadership ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
And Performance

This research presents and validates a model of project team morale and its influence on project success. We operationally define morale in project-based work as a multi-faceted variable encompassing suggested definitions offered in former studies. Unlike past research, we investigate the mediating effects between these facets of morale and success. A structural equation model is proposed and empirically tested to investigate the interdependencies between the facets of project team morale and how they promote project success. The results show that project team morale explains 25% of the variance in project success. Findings provide project leaders with a tool to enhance project success by influencing employees’ morale, rather than solely focusing on traditional project planning and controlling activities. We provide practical implications for project team leadership and performance.

The Relationship Between Gratitude and Religious Identification of NCAA Athletes: A Replication Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Nicole T. Gabana ◽  
Jeffrey B. Ruser ◽  
Mariya A. Yukhymenko-Lescroart ◽  
Jenelle N. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Identity ◽  
General State ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Religious Identification ◽  
Dispositional Trait ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Diverse Data

A holistic, multicultural approach to student-athlete mental health, well-being, and performance promotes the consideration of spiritual and religious identities in counseling and consultation. Preliminary research supports the interconnectedness of spirituality, religiosity, and gratitude in athletes; thus, this study sought to replicate Gabana, D’Addario, Luzzeri, and Soendergaard's study (2020) and extend the literature by examining a larger, independently sampled, more diverse data set and multiple types of gratitude. National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I–III student-athletes (N = 596) were surveyed to better understand how religious and spiritual identity related to trait, general-state, and sport-state gratitude. Results supported past research; athletes who self-identified as being both spiritual and religious reported greater dispositional (trait) gratitude than those who self-identified as spiritual/nonreligious or nonspiritual/nonreligious. Between group differences were not found when comparing general-state and sport-state gratitude. Findings strengthen and extend the understanding of spirituality, religion, and gratitude in sport. Limitations, practical implications, and future directions are discussed.

Entrepreneurial leadership: a missing link between perceived organizational support and organizational performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Imran ◽  
Raghad Ezzeldin Aldaas
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Leadership ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe current research is aimed at exploring entrepreneurial leadership (EL) as a mediator in perceived organizational support (POS) and organizational performance (OP) relationship. Furthermore, it also examined the impact of POS and entrepreneurial leadership on the performance of an organization.Design/methodology/approachA purposively selected sample of 216 respondents from the SME sector of Oman was chosen for the study.FindingsThe results revealed that POS and entrepreneurial leadership positively and significantly have an effect on organizational performance. Moreover, the hypothesized role of entrepreneurial leadership as a mediator between POS and OP relationship was also supported.Research limitations/implicationsIn spite of the novelty of the research, it was limited due to a few reasons. First, the research design is cross-sectional. Second, the research only focused SME sector. This research only focused on entrepreneurial leadership as a mediator, whereas, other mediators could have been explored as well.Originality/valueThe research on POS and organizational performance relationship is still in its exploration stage. Past research indicate that POS has an effect on different outcomes within an organization, including its performance. However, still, the research on the entrepreneurial leadership process is quite scarce. The current research will explore it in the context of Oman, where there is a dire need to establish SME sector performance. The unique combination between POS, entrepreneurial leadership and performance in the SME sector of Oman marks the novelty of the current research. This study contributes to the SME’s literature and it is among the pioneer studies exploring the mediating role of entrepreneurial leadership in the relationship between POS and OP.

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