Characterizing the bacterial communities in retail stores in the United States

Indoor Air ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hoisington ◽  
J. P. Maestre ◽  
K. A. Kinney ◽  
J. A. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retail Stores

scholarly journals Who is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H Haischer ◽  
Rachel Beilfuss ◽  
Meggie Rose Hart ◽  
Lauren Opielinski ◽  
David Wrucke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Location Factor ◽  
The Public ◽  
June July ◽  
The Impact

Masks are an effective tool in combatting the spread of COVID-19, but some people still resist wearing them and mask-wearing behavior has not been experimentally studied in the United States. To understand the demographics of mask wearers and resistors, and the impact of mandates on mask-wearing behavior, we observed shoppers (n = 9935) entering retail stores during periods of June, July, and August 2020. Approximately 41% of the June sample wore a mask. At that time, the odds of an individual wearing a mask increased significantly with age and was also 1.5x greater for females than males. Additionally, the odds of observing a mask on an urban or suburban shopper were ~4x that for rural areas. Mask mandates enacted in late July and August increased mask-wearing compliance to over 90% in all groups, but a small percentage of resistors remained. Thus, gender, age, and location factor into whether shoppers in the United States wear a mask or face covering voluntarily. Additionally, mask mandates are necessary to increase mask wearing among the public to a level required to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.

Workcenter SGD

2011 ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Cristina Cruz ◽  
Guillermo de Haro ◽  
Ignacio de la Vega
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Original Idea

In 1999 Alfonso de Senillosa, Spanish entrepreneur, after finishing his studies in the United States, decided to create Workcenter SGD. The company was born on the basis of following the same idea and services that Kinko’s® created successfully in the United States, with nearly 1,300 retail stores devoted to reprographic services. Nevertheless, in four years the company went far ahead of the original idea, developing new technologies that helped manage the growth, control operations, and reduce costs. By 2005 the company had grown up to 20 stores all over Spain and Senillosa was celebrating his 38th birthday while deciding his next step in the company’s future leveraging on the technology and operations already designed.

Survey of Intact and Nonintact Raw Pork Collected at Retail Stores in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States for the Seven Regulated Serogroups of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1844-1850
Author(s):  
YANGJIN JUNG ◽  
ANNA C. S. PORTO-FETT ◽  
BRADLEY A. SHOYER ◽  
LAURA E. SHANE ◽  
ELIZABETH HENRY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
O Antigens ◽  
Pork Samples

ABSTRACT A total of 514 raw pork samples (395 ground or nonintact and 119 intact samples) were purchased at retail stores in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey between July and December 2017. All raw pork samples were screened for serogroup O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, or O157:H7 cells of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC-7) using standard microbiological and molecular methods. In short, 21 (5.3%) of the 395 ground or nonintact pork samples and 3 (3.4%) of the 119 intact pork samples tested positive via the BAX system real-time PCR assay for the stx and eae virulence genes and for the somatic O antigens for at least one of the STEC-7 serogroups. However, none of these 24 presumptive-positive pork samples subsequently yielded a viable isolate of STEC displaying a STEC-7 serogroup-specific surface antigen in combination with the stx and eae genes. These data suggest that cells of STEC serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, or O157:H7 are not common in retail raw pork samples in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

scholarly journals Bacterial Communities on Wheat Grown Under Long-Term Conventional Tillage and No-Till in the Pacific Northwest of the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuntao Yin ◽  
Nicholas Mueth ◽  
Scot Hulbert ◽  
Daniel Schlatter ◽  
Timothy C. Paulitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till

Cultural practices, such as tillage, often have widespread impacts on phytobiomes. No-till has been increasingly adopted by wheat growers in the dryland cropping areas of the inland Pacific Northwest in the United States to reduce soil erosion and decrease fuel and labor inputs, yet there are limited data on how conversion to no-till impacts plant-associated bacteria in this highly productive system. To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated bacterial communities in bulk and rhizosphere soil of wheat in two locations (Idaho and Washington) for 2 years, comparing long-term no-till plots and adjacent plots under conventional tillage. In this study, members of phylum Proteobacteria were relatively more abundant in rhizosphere soil, while Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were more abundant in bulk soil than in the rhizosphere. Bacteroidetes were more frequent under conventional than conservation tillage. In general, bacterial families were more affected by the position of the sample (rhizosphere versus bulk soil) than by tillage practices. Families generally regarded as copiotrophic (Oxalobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Cytophagaceae) were more abundant in rhizosphere soil than bulk in both years. On the contrary, oligotrophic families such as Gaiellaceae and those within Gemmatimonadetes were more abundant in bulk soil than in the rhizosphere. Families affected by tillage varied between the 2 years. These results suggest that bacterial communities in soil were more influenced by plant proximity (rhizosphere versus bulk soil) than by tillage practices, but that specific differences were not consistent and may vary among locations and years.

The Sky above and the Mud below: Two Books about Steve Jobs

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-852
Author(s):  
Richard S. Tedlow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Palo Alto ◽  
First Lady ◽  
The World ◽  
Michelle Obama ◽  
Steve Jobs ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Doors

Steve Jobs was the most charismatic businessperson in the modern era. When he died, on October 5, 2011, Apple was inundated with condolence messages from all over the United States and from around the world. These notes were sent not only to Apple headquarters in Cupertino, California, but to Apple retail stores. The stores posted them on their windows. In addition, bouquets of flowers were brought to the stores. Think of this—flowers in front of hundreds of stores in dozens of countries because of Jobs's death. No one knows how many notes were received at Apple and in the stores. According to the “Remembering Steve” page on Apple.com, “Over a million people from all over the world have shared their memories, thoughts, and feelings about Steve.” As he was dying, people made a pilgrimage to his home in Palo Alto. His daughter has written that “a few people he didn’t know came to the doors wanting to see him … , wandering into the garden. … A stranger in a sari begged to talk with him. A man came in through the gate and said he had flown in from Bulgaria just to see my father.” After Jobs's death, California governor Jerry Brown declared October 16 to be “Steve Jobs Day.” The president of United States and the First Lady, Barack and Michelle Obama, posted a condolence note. Nothing remotely like this outpouring had ever taken place on the occasion of the death of an American CEO.

Structure and Functional Attributes of Bacterial Communities in Premise Plumbing Across the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara M. Webster ◽  
Alexander McFarland ◽  
Matthew J. Gebert ◽  
Angela M. Oliverio ◽  
Lauren M. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Functional Attributes ◽  
Premise Plumbing

scholarly journals Post-pandemic consumer behavior towards e-commerce and retail stores in United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6 Edición Especial) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Milagros Morales
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
United States Census ◽  
United States Census Bureau ◽  
Online Stores

COVID-19 profoundly impacted consumer behavior and psychology; this impact is perceived in social habits and shopping changes. Online stores have successfully boosted their sales, to the detriment of retail stores. This article aims to provide statistical analysis and evaluate consumers’ buying behavior by age groups toward retail and online stores for showing recommendations at online store entrepreneurs and retail store owners; thus, optimize costs and have higher sales projections. The methodology used is based on statistical data from various sources and databases such as Statista, United States Census Bureau, and international organizations, contrasted with the information obtained from 314 surveys conducted with consumers in different cities of the United States. In this study, statistical data and surveys upon groups of people were between twenty-two (22) to eighty (80) years old were analyzed. As a result, an increase in online shopping preferences was obtained, where the youngest population group leads the consumption in virtual platforms due to their familiarity with technology. In conclusion, there is a significant increase in online shopping, which is exacerbated by the pandemic.

Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli in U.S. Retail Ground Beef

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1188-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEN-TE LIAO ◽  
MARKUS F. MILLER ◽  
GUY H. LONERAGAN ◽  
J. CHANCE BROOKS ◽  
ALEJANDRO ECHEVERRY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Beef Products

Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotype O157:H7 and serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 are the leading cause of STEC-associated infections in humans in the United States. In the United States, these organisms are considered adulterants in raw nonintact beef products and in intact beef destined to be made into or used in nonintact raw beef products. The objective of this study was to provide an estimate of the burden of the six serogroups of non-O157 STEC in ground beef obtained from retail stores across the United States. A convenience sample of commercial ground beef products (n = 1,129) were purchased from retail stores in 24 states from October 2011 to May 2012. The samples had various lean/fat proportions, muscle group of origin (chuck, round, sirloin, or not specified), and packaging types. For each ground beef sample, 25 g was inoculated in 225 ml of modified tryptic soy broth, stomached for 1 min, and then incubated at 41°C for 18 ± 2 h. These enrichment cultures were then screened for stx, eae, and O group genes using a commercially available, closed-platform PCR-based method. The potential positive samples were subjected to immunomagnetic separation and plated on modified Rainbow agar. Morphologically typical colonies were subjected to latex agglutination and PCR determination of stx and eae genes. Nine (0.8%) of the ground beef samples were potentially positive for at least one STEC serogroup after PCR screening. The serogroups detected by PCR assay were O26 (four samples), O103 (four samples), O145 (three samples), O45 (two samples), and O121 (one sample). No STEC isolates belonging to these serogroups were recovered from the sample cultures. The current research provides updated surveillance data for non-O157 STEC isolates among commercial ground beef products and information regarding the potential sources of contamination from different parts of beef trims destined for ground beef production.

scholarly journals Infant Skin Bacterial Communities Vary by Skin Site and Infant Age across Populations in Mexico and the United States

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa B. Manus ◽  
Sahana Kuthyar ◽  
Ana Gabriela Perroni-Marañón ◽  
Alejandra Núñez-de la Mora ◽  
Katherine R. Amato
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Skin Site

ABSTRACT Daily practices put humans in close contact with the surrounding environment, and differences in these practices have an impact on human physiology, development, and health. There is mounting evidence that the microbiome represents an interface that mediates interactions between the human body and the environment. In particular, the skin microbiome serves as the primary interface with the external environment and aids in host immune function by contributing as the first line of defense against pathogens. Despite these important connections, we have only a basic understanding of how the skin microbiome is first established, or which environmental factors contribute to its development. To this end, this study compared the skin bacterial communities of infants (n = 47) living in four populations in Mexico and the United States that span the socioeconomic gradient, where we predicted that variation in physical and social environments would shape the infant skin microbiome. Results of 16S rRNA bacterial gene sequencing on 119 samples (armpit, hand, and forehead) showed that infant skin bacterial diversity and composition are shaped by population-level factors, including those related to socioeconomic status and household composition, and vary by skin site and infant age. Differences in infant-environment interactions, including with other people, appear to vary across the populations, likely influencing infant microbial exposures and, in turn, the composition of infant skin bacterial communities. These findings suggest that variation in microbial exposures stemming from the local environment in infancy can impact the establishment of the skin microbiome across body sites, with implications for developmental and health outcomes. IMPORTANCE This study contributes to the sparse literature on the infant skin microbiome in general, and the virtually nonexistent literature on the infant skin microbiome in a field setting. While microbiome research often addresses patterns at a national scale, this study addresses the influence of population-level factors, such as maternal socioeconomic status and contact with caregivers, on infant skin bacterial communities. This approach strengthens our understanding of how local variables influence the infant skin microbiome, and paves the way for additional studies to combine biological sample collection with questionnaires to adequately capture how specific behaviors dictate infant microbial exposures. Work in this realm has implications for infant care and health, as well as for investigating how the microbial communities of different body sites develop over time, with applications to specific health outcomes associated with the skin microbiome (e.g., immune system development or atopic dermatitis).

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