scholarly journals Back to Square One: Socioeconomic Integration of Deported Migrants

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anda M. David
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Socioeconomic Integration ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sociocultural Integration ◽  
Forced Return ◽  
Migration De Retour

This paper addresses the issue of socioeconomic integration of forced return migrants, focusing on the Maghreb countries. Starting from the hypothesis that the return has to be prepared, I tested whether a disruption in the migration cycle (such as deportation) increases the individual's vulnerability and affects his integration from both a structural and sociocultural point of view, using the 2006 Migration de Retour au Maghreb (MIREM, or Return Migration to the Maghreb) survey. I found that forced returnees are more vulnerable to negative labor market outcomes compared to voluntary returnees. The absence of forced returnees from the labor market, or their underperformances, creates a net loss for the origin country and also incentives to re-migrate. The negative effect is statistically significant not only immediately after return, but also in the long run, at survey time. Forced return is also significantly and negatively correlated with sociocultural integration, reflecting a marginalization of deported migrants in their home environment, which may act as a re-emigration incentive.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Long-Run Effects of the German Minimum Wage when Labor Markets are Frictional

2020 ◽  
Vol 240 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 351-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Braun ◽  
Roland Döhrn ◽  
Michael Krause ◽  
Martin Micheli ◽  
Torsten Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Search And Matching Frictions ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractThis paper analyzes the introduction of the German minimum wage in 2015 in a structural model geared to quantitatively assess its long-run economic effects. We first employ a simple neoclassic model where wages equal their marginal product, then extend this model to two sector economy, and finally introduce search and matching frictions. Even though all model variants remain highly stylized, they yield quantitative insights on the importance of different mechanisms and channels through which minimum wages affect outcomes in the long run. In this framework, the minimum wage has a strong negative effect on employment. When sectors are differently affected by the minimum wage, sectoral relative price changes play an important quantitative role. Other labor market policies and institutions are important for the transmission of minimum wage policy on labor market market outcomes.

scholarly journals Dynamic Integrated Model for Assessing Fisheries: Discard Bans as an Implicit Value-Added Tax

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Da Rocha ◽  
Javier García-Cutrín ◽  
Maria-Jose Gutiérrez ◽  
Raul Prellezo ◽  
Eduardo Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
A Value ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntegrated economic models have become popular for assessing climate change. In this paper we show how these methods can be used to assess the impact of a discard ban in a fishery. We state that a discard ban can be understood as a confiscatory tax equivalent to a value-added tax. Under this framework, we show that a discard ban improves the sustainability of the fishery in the short run and increases economic welfare in the long run. In particular, we show that consumption, capital and wages show an initial decrease just after the implementation of the discard ban then recover after some periods to reach their steady-sate values, which are 16–20% higher than the initial values, depending on the valuation of the landed discards. The discard ban also improves biological variables, increasing landings by 14% and reducing discards by 29% on the initial figures. These patterns highlight the two channels through which discard bans affect a fishery: the tax channel, which shows that the confiscation of landed discards reduces the incentive to invest in the fishery; and the productivity channel, which increases the abundance of the stock. Thus, during the first few years after the implementation of a discard ban, the negative effect from the tax channel dominates the positive effect from the productivity channel, because the stock needs time to recover. Once stock abundance improves, the productivity channel dominates the tax channel and the economic variables rise above their initial levels. Our results also show that a landed discards valorisation policy is optimal from the social welfare point of view provided that incentives to increase discards are not created.

scholarly journals Children and Careers: How Family Size Affects Parents’ Labor Market Outcomes in the Long Run

Demography ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1773-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cools ◽  
Simen Markussen ◽  
Marte Strøm
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Long Run

scholarly journals Tipping and the Effects of Segregation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 318-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Böhlmark ◽  
Alexander Willén
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Population Composition ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Long Run

We analyze how neighborhood ethnic population composition affects the short- and long-run education and labor market outcomes of natives and immigrants. To overcome the problem of nonrandom sorting across neighborhoods, we borrow theoretical insights from the tipping point literature and exploit estimated tipping thresholds as instruments for changes in ethnic population composition. Our results provide little evidence in support of the idea that living in a neighborhood with a higher immigrant share leads to worse outcomes. (JEL I20, J15, J24, R23)

scholarly journals Un-Fortunate Sons: Effects of the Vietnam Draft Lottery on the Next Generation’s Labor Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-209
Author(s):  
Sarena Goodman ◽  
Adam Isen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Draft Lottery ◽  
Vietnam Draft ◽  
The Universe

We examine whether the considerable shock generated by the Vietnam draft lottery affected the next generation’s labor market. Using the universe of US federal tax returns, we link fathers from draft cohorts to their sons’ adult outcomes and find that sons of fathers randomly called by the draft have lower earnings and are more likely to volunteer for military service. Our results demonstrate that malleable aspects of a parent’s life course can influence children’s labor market outcomes and provide sound evidence that policies that only directly alter the circumstances of one generation can have important long-run effects on the next. (JEL J22, J31, J45)

Overview of Vocational Rehabilitation Data about People with Visual Impairments: Demographics, Services, and Long-Run Labor Market Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Clapp ◽  
John V. Pepper ◽  
Robert Schmidt ◽  
Steven Stern
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Long Run ◽  
State Variation

Introduction: This study describes the characteristics of, services received by, and labor market outcomes of applicants with visual impairments to three state vocational rehabilitation programs. Our objective is to both document cross-state variation in vocational rehabilitation clientele and services and provide new insights on the longitudinal labor market outcomes of clients with visual impairments (i.e., blindness or low vision). This analysis is a first step in assessing the returns to vocational rehabilitation services for this population. Methods: We first created a unique longitudinal data set by matching administrative records on applicants who are visually impaired in state fiscal year 2007 from three vocational rehabilitation agencies to 8 years of employment data from state Unemployment Insurance programs. Using these data, we examined cross-state variation in the descriptive statistics for important client explanatory variables and vocational rehabilitation service categories. We then compared the long-term labor market outcomes of clients receiving services (treated) to untreated individuals. Results: We documented two important findings. First, there were substantial differences in client characteristics, services provided, and costs across the three states. Second, the long-run labor market analysis was consistent with vocational rehabilitation services having no employment effect but a positive earnings effect. Discussion: Labor market results indicate vocational rehabilitation services provided persistent earnings benefits. Yet the substantial cross-state heterogeneity suggests these labor market results might not be generalizable and should be interpreted with caution. We explain what was missing from this analysis and why the results should not be thought of as causal. Implications for Practitioners: This article gives practitioners a sense of a unique new data set on vocational rehabilitation and labor market variables for applicants with visual impairments. We highlight the importance of cross-state variation and linking vocational rehabilitation data to long-term employment measures. The question of how best to inform the efficacy of different vocational rehabilitation strategies for clients with visual impairments is left for future researchers to consider.

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