Does Life in the United States Take a Toll on Health? Duration of Residence and Birthweight among Six Decades of Immigrants

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Teitler ◽  
Melissa Martinson ◽  
Nancy E. Reichman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Duration Of Residence ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Developed Nations

We used data from the 1998–2009 waves of the National Health Interview Survey to investigate cohort differences in low birthweight among US-born children of mothers arriving in the United States between 1955 and 2009, cohort-adjusted patterns in low birthweight by maternal duration of residence in the United States, and cohort-adjusted patterns in low birthweight by maternal duration of US residence stratified by age at arrival and region of origin. We found a consistent deterioration in infant health with successive immigrant cohorts and heterogeneous effects of cohort-adjusted duration in the United States by age at arrival and region. Most notably, we found evidence that maternal health (as proxied by low birthweight) deteriorates with duration in the United States only for immigrant mothers who came to the United States as children. For mothers who arrived as adults, we found no evidence of deterioration. The findings underscore the importance of considering age at arrival and place of origin when studying post-migration health trajectories and provide indirect evidence that early life exposures are a key to understanding why the United States lags other developed nations in health.

Embracing Four Tensions in Human-Computer Interaction Research with Marginalized People

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Calvin A. Liang ◽  
Sean A. Munson ◽  
Julie A. Kientz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Interaction Research ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Computer Interaction

Human-computer interaction has a long history of working with marginalized people. We sought to understand how HCI researchers navigate work that engages with marginalized people and considerations researchers might work through to expand benefits and mitigate potential harms. In total, 24 HCI researchers, located primarily in the United States, participated in an interview, survey, or both. Through a reflexive thematic analysis, we identified four tensions—exploitation, membership, disclosure, and allyship. We explore the complexity involved in each, demonstrating that an equitable endpoint may not be possible, but this work is still worth pursuing when researchers make certain considerations. We emphasize that researchers who work with marginalized people should account for each tension in their research approaches to move forward. Finally, we propose an allyship-oriented approach to research that draws inspiration from discourse occurring in tangential fields and activist spaces and pushes the field into a new paradigm of research with marginalized people.

Firearm Injuries Affecting the Pediatric Population

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-790
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Firearm Injuries ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Developed Nations

In the United States approximately 30 000 people die from firearm injuries each year. Many more are wounded. In the mid 1980s, more than 3000 of the dead were children and adolescents aged 1 to 19 years.1 In 1989 nearly 4000 firearm deaths were among children 1 to 19 years of age, accounting for 12% of all deaths in that age group.2 All of these deaths or injuries affect other children because the victims who are killed or wounded are frequently relatives, neighbors, or friends. Comparison data for childhood age groups demonstrate that in 1987, 203 children aged 1 to 9 years, 484 children aged 10 to 14 years, and 2705 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years died as a result of firearm injuries.1 Firearm deaths include unintentional injuries, homicides, and suicides. Among the 1- to 9-year-olds, half of the deaths were homicides and half were unintentional. Among the 10- to 14-year-olds, one third of the deaths were homicides, one third were suicides, and one third were unintentional. Among the 15- to 19-year-olds, 48% were homicides, 42% were suicides, and 8% were unintentional.1 Firearm homicides are the leading cause of death for some US subpopulations, such as urban black male adolescents and young adults.3 Table 1 indicates how firearms contributed to the deaths of children and adolescents (homicides, suicides, and all causes) in 1987. Table 2 illustrates the unusual scale of firearm violence affecting young people in the United States compared with other developed nations.4 Firearm injuries are the fourth leading cause of unintentional injury deaths to children younger than 15 years of age in the US.5

Ethanol in Over-the-Counter Drugs

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Health ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Health Interview Survey ◽  
Health Interview ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
The Common

The use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications among children in the United States is extensive. More than 800 OTC medications are available for treatment of the common cold, with almost 2 billion dollars spent annually on cough and cold medications alone. In 1994, Kogan et al determined that more than 50% of 3-year-old children in the United States had been given OTC medications in the 30 days prior to the study survey. Cough and cold preparations and acetaminophen were reported to be the medications used most frequently (66.7%). The use of cough and cold medications has not decreased when compared with findings from a 1981 National Health Interview Survey, despite increasing evidence that these medications are not effective and, in some circumstances, even may be harmful to children.

Uromyces appendiculatus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus

Abstract A description is provided for Uromyces appendiculatus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Dolichos, Phaseolus and Vigna species. DISEASE: Rust on leaves of French, Lima, and Scarlet Runner beans, and other Phaseolus spp., and cowpeas. The reddish-brown, circular sori may be surrounded by a yellow halo in some varieties. Complete defoliation and total loss of crop results in seasons favouring severe infection. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide wherever beans are grown (CMI Map 290, Ed. 2, 1964). TRANSMISSION: By urediospores disseminated by wind, and through contact with animals including man and his implements. Indirect evidence of the possibility of introduction into Sierra Leone on seed imported from Ghana and S. Africa has been given by Deighton (25: 253). Some 40% of urediospores stored for 2 yr. at -60°C, and 16% stored more than 600 days at -18°C, have survived with virulence unimpaired, and it is thought that the rust is thus able to overwinter on bean trash and trellis poles in the United States (42: 167; 43, 299).

In Reply: Breast-Feeding and Infectious Illness, Power and Confidence Intervals

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1080-1080
Author(s):  
J. F. JEKEL ◽  
D. H. RUBIN ◽  
J. M. LEVENTHAL ◽  
P. A. KRASILNIKOFF ◽  
B. WEILE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Infectious Illness ◽  
Developed Nations

The issues raised by Hopkinson in her letter in this issue are important questions. Hopkinson doubted that our findings are applicable to the United States, because the overall rate of initiating breast-feeding is different from Denmark. We suggested that our findings could be applied to middle class populations in the US because breast-feeding rates in Denmark are similar for this group, but we stated ". . . nor can they be extrapolated to rural or poor urban populations in developed nations." By not making a distinction between different groups within the US or other industrialized nations, Hopkinson unnecessarily limits the potential implications of our study.

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