Innate lymphoid cells, mediators of tissue homeostasis, adaptation and disease tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Branzk ◽  
Konrad Gronke ◽  
Andreas Diefenbach
Keyword(s):  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Disease Tolerance

scholarly journals Innate lymphoid cells and disease tolerance in SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah J. Silverstein ◽  
Yetao Wang ◽  
Zachary Manickas-Hill ◽  
Claudia C. Carbone ◽  
Ann Dauphin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cell ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Disease Tolerance ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractBACKGROUNDRisk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases with age, is greater in males, and is associated with decreased numbers of blood lymphoid cells. Though the reasons for these robust associations are unclear, effects of age and sex on innate and adaptive lymphoid subsets, including on homeostatic innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) implicated in disease tolerance, may underlie the effects of age and sex on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.METHODSFlow cytometry was used to quantitate subsets of blood lymphoid cells from people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), comparing those hospitalized with severe COVID-19 (n=40) and those treated as outpatients for less severe disease (n=51). 86 healthy individuals served as controls. The relationship between abundance of specific blood lymphoid cell types, age, sex, hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, and elevation of blood markers for systemic inflammation, was determined using multiple regression.RESULTSAfter accounting for effects of age and sex, hospitalization for COVID-19 was associated with 1.78-fold fewer ILCs (95%CI: 2.34–1.36; p = 4.55 x 10−5) and 2.31-fold fewer CD16+ natural killer (NK) cells (95%CI: 3.1–1.71; p = 1.04 x 10−7), when compared to uninfected controls. Among people infected with SARS-CoV-2, the odds ratio for hospitalization, adjusted for age, sex, and duration of symptoms, was 0.413 (95%CI: 0.197–0.724; p = 0.00691) for every 2-fold increase in ILCs. In addition, higher ILC abundance was associated with less time spent in the hospital and lower levels of blood markers associated with COVID-19 severity: each two-fold increase in ILC abundance was associated with a 9.38 day decrease in duration of hospital stay (95% CI: 15.76–3.01; p= 0.0054), and decrease in blood C-reactive protein (CRP) by 46.29 mg/L (95% CI: 71.34–21.24; p = 6.25 x 10−4), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by 11.04 mm/h (95% CI: 21.94–0.13; p = 0.047), and the fibrin degradation product D-dimer by 1098.52 ng/mL (95% CI: 1932.84–264.19; p = 0.011).CONCLUSIONSBoth ILCs and NK cells were depleted in the blood of people hospitalized for severe COVID-19, but, among lymphoid cell subsets, only ILC abundance was independently associated with the need for hospitalization, duration of hospital stay, and severity of inflammation. These results indicate that, by promoting disease tolerance, homeostatic ILCs protect against morbidity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and suggest that reduction in the number of ILCs with age and in males accounts for the increased risk of severe COVID-19 in these demographic groups.

scholarly journals Innate lymphoid cells in tissue homeostasis and diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Ignacio ◽  
Cristiane Naffah Souza Breda ◽  
Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
Keyword(s):  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Lymphoid Cells

scholarly journals Optimized Protocol for Characterization of Mouse Gut Innate Lymphoid Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Valle-Noguera ◽  
María José Gómez-Sánchez ◽  
Mathilde J. H. Girard-Madoux ◽  
Aranzazu Cruz-Adalia
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Cell Marker ◽  
Single Cell Suspension ◽  
Optimized Protocol ◽  
Detailed Protocol

Since their discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have gradually been gaining greater relevance in the field of immunology due to their multiple functions in the innate immune response. They can mainly be found in mucosal and barrier organs like skin, gut, and lungs, and have been classified into five main types (NKs, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and Lti cells) according to their function and development. They all play major roles in functions such as tissue homeostasis, early pathogen defense, regulation of inflammation, or tissue remodeling. ILCs are mostly tissue-resident cells tightly bound to the tissue structure, a fact that requires long and complex protocols that do not always provide sufficient yield for analysis. This suggests the need for optimized approaches aimed at ensuring that enriched and viable ILC samples are obtained, in order to furnish quality results. Herein a detailed protocol is established for obtaining a single-cell suspension highly enriched in lymphoid cells from mouse gut in order to identify the different subsets of ILCs by means of flow cytometry. The cell marker panel and flow cytometry gating strategies for identification and quantification of all the different ILC populations are provided for simultaneous analysis. Moreover, the protocol described includes a procedure for studying the different cytokines produced by ILC3s involved in maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier and defending against extracellular pathogens. As a result, herein an efficient method is presented for studying mouse ILCs within the lamina propria of the small intestine and colon; this can constitute a useful tool for future investigations in the field.

scholarly journals Innate lymphoid cells promote lung-tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1045-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel A Monticelli ◽  
Gregory F Sonnenberg ◽  
Michael C Abt ◽  
Theresa Alenghat ◽  
Carly G K Ziegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Lymphoid Cells
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