Two sphingomyelin synthase homologues regulate body weight and sphingomyelin synthesis in female brown planthopper, N. lugens (Stål)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-263
Author(s):  
X.-X. Shi ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
M. Chen ◽  
Y.-D. Zhang ◽  
M.-F. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Sphingomyelin Synthase ◽  
Regulate Body Weight

scholarly journals The regulation of body weight: lessons from the seasonal animal

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Morgan ◽  
Julian G. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Mutant Mouse ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Regulate Body Weight ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour

The hypothalamus is a major regulatory centre involved in the control of many important physiological axes. One of these axes is the regulation of ingestive behaviour. Recent work using a combination of genetic-mutant mouse models together with targeted gene deletions has contributed much to our understanding of how neural pathways of the hypothalamus are involved in the regulation of energy balance in animals. These pathways are also relevant to human energy homeostasis, as mutations in key genes are correlated with obesity. Many of the genes identified mediate the effects of leptin, and are therefore primarily involved in sensing and responding to peripheral signals. In seasonal animals, such as the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus), there is evidence for a higher level of regulation. The systems involved regulate body weight around an apparent 'set-point' through the action of photoperiod via the neurohormone, melatonin. The ability to manipulate energy balance through photoperiod (and melatonin) in the seasonal-animal model offers novel opportunities to identify further fundamental aspects of the control mechanisms involved in the central control of energy homeostasis and body weight.

The influence of host-plant on the development of the adult brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), and its significance in migration

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Padgham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

AbstractThe development of adults of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) reared on one susceptible and one resistant variety of rice plants of different ages was compared. Throughout the range of plants tested there was an overall trend for the newly moulted adult to synthesise and store a reserve of lipid and to lose most of the stored glycogen accumulated during the nymphal stage. N. lugens has two wing morphs, and whilst lipid deposits were greatest in the macropterous ‘migrant’ males, in females it was the brachypterous ‘reproductive’ insects that had the highest lipid deposits and also the greatest residual body weight. However, because of their lower body weight, the macropterous females had the greater percentage of lipid. Both flight willingness and the percentage of macropterous females showing flight-orientated physiological development increased with the age of the host-plant. Both survival and migration potential were lower in insects reared on the resistant rice variety compared to those reared on the susceptible variety. The pattern of post-flight resynthesis of fuels suggests that more than one major migration is unlikely.

scholarly journals Rcan2 and estradiol independently regulate body weight in female mice

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 48098-48109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Cui Ding ◽  
Qian-Qian Gong ◽  
Shi-Wei Li ◽  
Xiao-Long Fu ◽  
Ye-Cheng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Regulate Body Weight

scholarly journals Tissue-Specific Effects of Leptin on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Pereira ◽  
Daemon L Cline ◽  
Maria M Glavas ◽  
Scott D Covey ◽  
Timothy J Kieffer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Regulate Body Weight ◽  
Activation Status

Abstract The discovery of leptin was intrinsically associated with its ability to regulate body weight. However, the effects of leptin are more far-reaching and include profound glucose-lowering and anti-lipogenic effects, independent of leptin’s regulation of body weight. Regulation of glucose metabolism by leptin is mediated both centrally and via peripheral tissues and is influenced by the activation status of insulin signaling pathways. Ectopic fat accumulation is diminished by both central and peripheral leptin, an effect that is beneficial in obesity-associated disorders. The magnitude of leptin action depends upon the tissue, sex, and context being examined. Peripheral tissues that are of particular relevance include the endocrine pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissues, immune cells, and the cardiovascular system. As a result of its potent metabolic activity, leptin is used to control hyperglycemia in patients with lipodystrophy and is being explored as an adjunct to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes. To fully understand the role of leptin in physiology and to maximize its therapeutic potential, the mechanisms of leptin action in these tissues needs to be further explored.

scholarly journals FGF19, FGF21, and an FGFR1/β-Klotho-Activating Antibody Act on the Nervous System to Regulate Body Weight and Glycemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-718.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Lan ◽  
Donald A. Morgan ◽  
Kamal Rahmouni ◽  
Junichiro Sonoda ◽  
Xiaorong Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Regulate Body Weight

The flight capabilities of laboratory and tropical field populations of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Baker ◽  
R. J. Cooter ◽  
P. M. Chang ◽  
H. B. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Field Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Range Migration ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

AbstractThe duration of flight by Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) of tropical origin from field and laboratory populations was studied. Field insects (from the third generation on rice) flew longer and more readily than laboratorybred insects. The longest recorded flight, of 10·75 h, was by a female from the field. Laboratory-reared insects performed poorly even after only one generation in the laboratory. Flights that were started in the morning lasted longer than those started in the afternoon. Lift production varied between individuals and during a continuous flight. Individuals flying for over 150 min tended to produce more lift for a longer proportion of the flight than those flying for less than 10 min. The pattern of lift production appeared to be similar in successive flights, except in those following very long flights when the insect appeared to be exhausted. There was no tendency for the first flight to be the longest. Up to 28% loss of body weight was recorded (in a flight lasting 512 min) during flight. The results indicate that individuals from tropical field populations of N. lugens have the capacity for long range migration.

scholarly journals Geomagnetic field absence reduces adult body weight of a migratory insect by disrupting feeding behavior and appetite regulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijun Wan ◽  
Shoulin Jiang ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Jingyu Zhao ◽  
Yingchao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Zero Magnetic Field ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Reduced Body

AbstractThe geomagnetic field (GMF) is well documented for its essential role as a cue used in animal orientation or navigation. Recent evidence indicates that the absence of GMF can trigger stress-like responses such as reduced body weight, as we have previously shown in newly emerged adults of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. To test the hypothesis that reduced feeding in the absence of the GMF leads to a decrease of N. lugens body weight, we compared magnetic responses in feeding behavior, glucose levels, and expression of magnetoreception- and appetite-related genes in brown planthopper nymphs exposed to either a near-zero magnetic field (NZMF, i.e., GMF absence) or typical GMF conditions. In addition to observing the expected responses in the expression of the potential magnetosensor cryptochromes, the food intake of 5th instar nymphs was significantly reduced in insects reared in the absence of GMF. Insects that exhibited reduced feeding reared in the absence of the GMF also had higher glucose levels which is associated with food aversion. Expression patterns of appetite-related neuropeptide genes were also altered in the absence of GMF in a manner consistent with diminishing appetite. These findings support the hypothesis that strong changes in GMF intensity can affect insect feeding behavior and underlying regulatory processes. Our results provide further evidence that magnetoreception and regulatory responses to GMF changes can affect a wide variety of biological processes.

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