scholarly journals Incremental Validity of Leaderless Group Discussion Ratings Over and Above General Mental Ability and Personality in Predicting Promotion

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Borteyrou ◽  
Filip Lievens ◽  
Marilou Bruchon-Schweitzer ◽  
Anne Congard ◽  
Nicole Rascle
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Leaderless Group

Incremental Validity of Personality Measures in Predicting Underwater Performance and Adaptation

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Colodro ◽  
Enrique J. Garcés-de-los-Fayos ◽  
Juan J. López-García ◽  
Lucía Colodro-Conde
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Underwater Environment ◽  
Image Position

AbstractIntelligence and personality traits are currently considered effective predictors of human behavior and job performance. However, there are few studies about their relevance in the underwater environment. Data from a sample of military personnel performing scuba diving courses were analyzed with regression techniques, testing the contribution of individual differences and ascertaining the incremental validity of the personality in an environment with extreme psychophysical demands. The results confirmed the incremental validity of personality traits (ΔR2 = .20, f2 = .25) over the predictive contribution of general mental ability (ΔR2 = .07, f2 = .08) in divers’ performance. Moreover, personality ($R_L^2$ = .34) also showed a higher validity to predict underwater adaptation than general mental ability ($R_L^2$ = .09). The ROC curve indicated 86% of the maximum possible discrimination power for the prediction of underwater adaptation, AUC = .86, p < .001, 95% CI (.82–.90). These findings confirm the shift and reversal of incremental validity of dispositional traits in the underwater environment and the relevance of personality traits as predictors of an effective response to the changing circumstances of military scuba diving. They also may improve the understanding of the behavioral effects and psychophysiological complications of diving and can also provide guidance for psychological intervention and prevention of risk in this extreme environment.

scholarly journals Incremental Validity of Character Strengths as Predictors of Job Performance Beyond General Mental Ability and the Big Five

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Harzer ◽  
Natalia Bezuglova ◽  
Marco Weber
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Web Based ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Explained Variance

Over the last decades, various predictors have proven relevant for job performance [e.g., general mental ability (GMA), broad personality traits, such as the Big Five]. However, prediction of job performance is far from perfect, and further potentially relevant predictors need to be investigated. Narrower personality traits, such as individuals' character strengths, have emerged as meaningfully related to different aspects of job performance. However, it is still unclear whether character strengths can explain additional variance in job performance over and above already known powerful predictors. Consequently, the present study aimed at (1) examining the incremental validity of character strengths as predictors of job performance beyond GMA and/or the Big Five traits and (2) identifying the most important predictors of job performance out of the 24 character strengths, GMA, and the Big Five. Job performance was operationalized with multidimensional measures of both productive and counterproductive work behavior. A sample of 169 employees from different occupations completed web-based self-assessments on character strengths, GMA, and the Big Five. Additionally, the employees' supervisors provided web-based ratings of their job performance. Results showed that character strengths incrementally predicted job performance beyond GMA, the Big Five, or GMA plus the Big Five; explained variance increased up to 54.8, 43.1, and 38.4%, respectively, depending on the dimension of job performance. Exploratory relative weight analyses revealed that for each of the dimensions of job performance, at least one character strength explained a numerically higher amount of variance than GMA and the Big Five, except for individual task proactivity, where GMA exhibited the numerically highest amount of explained variance. The present study shows that character strengths are relevant predictors of job performance in addition to GMA and other conceptualizations of personality (i.e., the Big Five). This also highlights the role of socio-emotional skills, such as character strengths, for the understanding of performance outcomes above and beyond cognitive ability.

The Validity of Specific Cognitive Abilities for the Prediction of Training Success in Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Goertz ◽  
Ute R. Hülsheger ◽  
Günter W. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Occupational Category ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Training Success ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Better Than

General mental ability (GMA) has long been considered one of the best predictors of training success and considerably better than specific cognitive abilities (SCAs). Recently, however, researchers have provided evidence that SCAs may be of similar importance for training success, a finding supporting personnel selection based on job-related requirements. The present meta-analysis therefore seeks to assess validities of SCAs for training success in various occupations in a sample of German primary studies. Our meta-analysis (k = 72) revealed operational validities between ρ = .18 and ρ = .26 for different SCAs. Furthermore, results varied by occupational category, supporting a job-specific benefit of SCAs.

Is Retest Bias Biased?

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G. Randall ◽  
Anton J. Villado ◽  
Christina U. Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to test for race and sex differences in general mental ability (GMA) retest performance and to identify the psychological mechanisms underlying these differences. An initial and retest administration of a GMA assessment separated by a six-week span was completed by 318 participants. Contrary to our predictions, we found that race, sex, and emotional stability failed to moderate GMA retest performance. However, GMA assessed via another ability test and conscientiousness both partially explained retest performance. Additionally, we found that retesting may reduce adverse impact ratios by lowering the hiring threshold. Ultimately, our findings reinforce the need for organizations to consider race, sex, ability, and personality when implementing retesting procedures.

scholarly journals Investigating the Structure of Intelligence Using Latent Variable and Psychometric Network Modeling: A Commentary and Reanalysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Schmank ◽  
Sara Anne Goring ◽  
Kristof Kovacs ◽  
Andrew R. A. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Theories Of Intelligence ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Model Preference

In a recent publication in the Journal of Intelligence, Dennis McFarland mischaracterized previous research using latent variable and psychometric network modeling to investigate the structure of intelligence. Misconceptions presented by McFarland are identified and discussed. We reiterate and clarify the goal of our previous research on network models, which is to improve compatibility between psychological theories and statistical models of intelligence. WAIS-IV data provided by McFarland were reanalyzed using latent variable and psychometric network modeling. The results are consistent with our previous study and show that a latent variable model and a network model both provide an adequate fit to the WAIS-IV. We therefore argue that model preference should be determined by theory compatibility. Theories of intelligence that posit a general mental ability (general intelligence) are compatible with latent variable models. More recent approaches, such as mutualism and process overlap theory, reject the notion of general mental ability and are therefore more compatible with network models, which depict the structure of intelligence as an interconnected network of cognitive processes sampled by a battery of tests. We emphasize the importance of compatibility between theories and models in scientific research on intelligence.

Quick Word Test Validity with Adults

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arden Grotelueschen ◽  
Thomas J. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Test Validity ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Iq Scores

Quick Word Test (QWT) total and part scores for 178 adults were correlated with WAIS IQ scores. Pearson rs of .77 and .74 were found between total QWT scores and WAIS verbal and total IQ scores, respectively. Data indicate that the QWT appears to be a valid measure of general mental ability.

Psychosocial Experiences and Adjustment Among Adult Swedes With Superior General Mental Ability

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 900-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannica Stålnacke ◽  
Ann-Charlotte Smedler
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Abstract Reasoning ◽  
High Ability ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Psychosocial Experiences ◽  
Theory Of Intelligence ◽  
Egalitarian Society ◽  
Social Difficulties

In Sweden, special needs of high-ability individuals have received little attention. For this purpose, adult Swedes with superior general mental ability (GMA; N = 302), defined by an IQ score > 130 on tests of abstract reasoning, answered a questionnaire regarding their views of themselves and their giftedness. The participants also rated their self-theory of intelligence and completed the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13). At large, the participants experienced being different but felt little need to downplay their giftedness to gain social acceptance. Most participants encompassed an entity self-theory of intelligence, while also recognizing that it takes effort to develop one’s ability. The group scored lower ( p < .001) than Swedes in general on the SOC, which may be a reflection of social difficulties associated with being gifted in an egalitarian society. However, it may also indicate that the SOC carries a different meaning for those with superior GMA.

Prediction of general mental ability based on neural oscillation measures of sleep

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT BODIZS ◽  
TAMAS KIS ◽  
ALPAR SANDOR LAZAR ◽  
LINDA HAVRAN ◽  
PETER RIGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Ability ◽  
Neural Oscillation ◽  
General Mental Ability
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