scholarly journals Early weight gain trajectories and body composition in infancy in infants born very preterm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A.A. Beunders ◽  
Jorine A. Roelants ◽  
Jessie M. Hulst ◽  
Dimitris Rizopoulos ◽  
Anita C.S. Hokken‐Koelega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Early Weight Gain

Early weight gain trajectories and body composition in infancy in very preterm infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
J. Roelants ◽  
V.A.A. Beunders ◽  
J. Hulst ◽  
D. Rizopoulos ◽  
A. Hokken-Koelega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Early Weight Gain

scholarly journals The apparent breastfeeding paradox in very preterm infants: relationship between breast feeding, early weight gain and neurodevelopment based on results from two cohorts, EPIPAGE and LIFT

BMJ Open ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e000834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Rozé ◽  
Dominique Darmaun ◽  
Clair-Yves Boquien ◽  
Cyril Flamant ◽  
Jean-Charles Picaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Early Weight Gain

scholarly journals The impact of early growth patterns and infant feeding on body composition at 3 years of age

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrine T. Ejlerskov ◽  
Line B. Christensen ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
Signe M. Jensen ◽  
Christian Mølgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Early Weight Gain ◽  
The Impact

Early excessive weight gain is positively associated with later obesity, and yet the effect of weight gain during specific periods and the impact of infant feeding practices are debated. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of weight gain in periods of early childhood on body composition at 3 years, and whether infant feeding modified the relationship between early growth and body composition at 3 years. We studied 233 children from the prospective cohort study, SKOT (in Danish: Småbørns Kost og Trivsel). Birth weight z-scores (BWZ) and change in weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) from 0 to 5, 5 to 9, 9 to 18 and 18 to 36 months were analysed for relations with body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance) at 3 years by multivariate regression analysis. BWZ and change in WAZ from 0 to 5 months were positively associated with BMI, fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) at 3 years. Full breastfeeding for 6 months (compared to less than 1 month) eliminated the effect of early growth (P= 0·01). Full breastfeeding for 6 months (compared to less than 1 month) also eliminated the positive relation between BWZ and FMI (P= 0·009). No effect modification of infant feeding was found for FFMI. In conclusion, high birth weight and rapid growth from 0 to 5 months were associated with increased FMI and FFMI at 3 years. Longer duration of full breastfeeding reduced the effect of birth weight and early weight gain on fat mass.

Abstract P085: Infant Weight and Length Trajectories Have Different Impacts on Body Composition at Age 3

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica G Woo ◽  
Heidi Sucharew ◽  
Patricia M Herbers ◽  
Philip R Khoury ◽  
Nicholas M Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Early Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Velocity

Introduction: Rapid infant weight gain has been linked with higher childhood body mass index (BMI) and risk of obesity. However, because BMI cannot distinguish lean from fat mass, the role of infant weight or length trajectories on childhood body composition is unclear. Hypothesis: This study aimed to evaluate how specific aspects of infant growth trajectories are associated with fat mass, lean mass and % body fat at age 3. Methods: Total 323 children age 3 y (46% female, 20% African-American) had body composition measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and weight and length measurements from birth to age 2 y from pediatrician growth charts. Growth trajectories were characterized using the SuperImposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) model. This technique estimates an average growth curve with random effects that allow individual growth curves to shift up or down (size), shift right or left on the age axis (tempo) or rotate to steepen/flatten the growth curve (velocity). Tempo did not improve model fit so was excluded. Size and velocity parameters for weight and length trajectories were regressed against fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM) and % body fat measurements at age 3. Results: On average, girls had higher FM (3.9 vs. 3.4 kg) and lower LM (8.8 vs. 9.5 kg) than boys. Adjusting for sex, LM at age 3 was significantly higher with greater weight velocity and with longer length size between ages 0-2 (Table), but were not related to length velocity or weight size. Adjusting for sex, higher FM was seen for those with higher weight size between ages 0-2, but was not related to either weight or length velocities. Percent body fat at age 3 was associated with both larger weight size and shorter length size between 0-2 years of age, but not with either growth velocities. Conclusions: Weight and length size and velocity differ in their impact on children’s body composition by age 3. This study suggests that faster early weight gain (higher weight velocity) and longer lengths but not higher overall weight may lead to leaner body composition by age 3.

scholarly journals Early childhood weight gain: Latent patterns and body composition outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Norris ◽  
Liina Mansukoski ◽  
Mark S. Gilthorpe ◽  
Mark Hamer ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Childhood Weight

scholarly journals Weight Cycling in Women: Adaptation or Risk?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn J. Carey ◽  
Wendy Vitek
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Gut Peptides

AbstractObesity, dieting, and weight cycling are common among reproductive-age women. Weight cycling refers to intentional weight loss followed by unintentional weight regain. Weight loss is accompanied by changes in gut peptides, adipose hormones, and energy expenditure that promote weight regain to a tightly regulated set point. While weight loss can improve body composition and surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health, it is hypothesized that the weight regain can result in an overshoot effect, resulting in excess weight gain, altered body composition, and negative effects on surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health. Numerous observational studies have examined the association of weight cycling and health outcomes. There appears to be modest association between weight cycling with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in women, but no association with hypertension, cardiovascular events, and overall cancer risk. Interestingly, mild weight cycling may be associated with a decreased risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality. Little is known about the effects of weight cycling in the preconception period. Although obesity and weight gain are associated with pregnancy complications, preconception weight loss does not appear to mitigate the risk of most pregnancy complications related to obesity. Research on preconception weight cycling may provide insight into this paradox.

scholarly journals Protocol for iGrow (Infant Growth and Development Study): biopsychosocial predictors of childhood obesity risk at 2 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther M. Leerkes ◽  
Cheryl Buehler ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
Lenka H. Shriver ◽  
Laurie Wideman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Early Weight Gain ◽  
Infant Weight Gain

Abstract Background Childhood obesity remains a significant public health problem. To date, most research on the causes and correlates of obesity has focused on a small number of direct predictors of obesity rather than testing complex models that address the multifactorial nature of the origins of obesity in early development. We describe the rationale and methods of iGrow (Infant Growth and Development Study) which will test multiple pathways by which (a) prenatal maternal psychobiological risk predicts infant weight gain over the first 6 months of life, and (b) this early weight gain confers risk for obesity at age 2. Infant hormonal and psychobiological risk are proposed mediators from prenatal risk to early weight gain, though these are moderated by early maternal sensitivity and obesogenic feeding practices. In addition, higher maternal sensitivity and lower obesogenic feeding practices are proposed predictors of adaptive child self-regulation in the second year of life, and all three are proposed to buffer/reduce the association between high early infant weight gain and obesity risk at age 2. Methods iGrow is a prospective, longitudinal community-based study of 300 diverse mothers and infants to be followed across 5 data waves from pregnancy until children are age 2. Key measures include (a) maternal reports of demographics, stress, well-being, feeding practices and child characteristics and health; (b) direct observation of maternal and infant behavior during feeding, play, and distress-eliciting tasks during which infant heart rate is recorded to derive measures of vagal withdrawal; (c) anthropometric measures of mothers and infants; and (d) assays of maternal prenatal blood and infant saliva and urine. A host of demographic and other potential confounds will be considered as potential covariates in structural equation models that include tests of mediation and moderation. Efforts to mitigate the deleterious effects of COVID-19 on study success are detailed. Discussion This study has the potential to inform (1) basic science about early life processes casually related to childhood obesity and (2) development of targeted intervention and prevention approaches that consider mother, infant, and family risks and resources.

The lambing period of mountain sheep: synthesis, hypotheses, and tests

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred L. Bunnell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Early Weight Gain ◽  
Definition Of

Data on lambing periods from 30 populations of North American mountain sheep are reviewed. Among all populations lambing begins later and duration is shorter at more northern altitudes (p < 0.00006). Correlations are enhanced (p < 0.00003) when latitude is replaced by a phenological index incorporating altitude. Termination of lambing is not correlated with latitude or with phenological index. Two broad patterns are evident. Populations feeding on vegetation of less predictable growth patterns ("desert type") have lengthy lambing seasons; populations feeding on vegetation exhibiting more predictable growth patterns ("alpine type") have shorter lambing seasons, typically two oestrous cycles in length. Definition of "types" by latitude or sheep taxonomy reveals significant differences in lambing periods, but correlations are enhanced when "types" are defined on the basis of habitat.Among taxa, birth weights are correlated with female body weight (rs = 0.87). Birth weights are heavier in extreme environments, seasonal growth patterns are expressed better in the alpine type, and early weight gain is most rapid in the northernmost subspecies. All populations show a strong central tendency with regard to peak lambing (17 May ± 6.8 days). Departures from that tendency respond more to predictability of vegetation than to thermal stress or predation pressure.

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