Associations of sleep with gray matter volume and their implications for academic achievement, executive function and intelligence in children with overweight/obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo H. Migueles ◽  
Cristina Cadenas‐Sanchez ◽  
Irene Esteban‐Cornejo ◽  
Jose Mora‐Gonzalez ◽  
Maria Rodriguez‐Ayllon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Gray Matter Volume Covariance Networks, Social Support, and Cognition in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Cotton ◽  
Joe Verghese ◽  
Helena M Blumen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Gray Matter Network

Abstract Objective We examined the neural substrates of social support in older adults. Social support is associated with better outcomes in many facets of aging—including cognitive and functional health—but the underlying neural substrates remain largely unexplored. Methods Voxel-based morphometry and multivariate statistics were used to identify gray matter volume covariance networks associated with social support in 112 older adults without dementia (M age = 74.6 years, 50% female), using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Results A gray matter network associated with overall social support was identified and included prefrontal, hippocampal, amygdala, cingulate, and thalamic regions. A gray matter network specifically associated with tangible social support (e.g., someone to help you if you were confined to bed) was also identified, included prefrontal, hippocampal, cingulate, insular, and thalamic regions, and correlated with memory and executive function. Discussion Gray matter networks associated with overall and tangible social support in this study were composed of regions previously associated with memory, executive function, aging, and dementia. Longitudinal research of the interrelationships between social support, brain structure, and cognition is needed, but strengthening social support may represent a new path toward improving cognition in aging that should be explored.

Regional Cerebral Gray Matter Volume in HIV-Positive Patients with Executive Function Deficits

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Goulart Corrêa ◽  
Nicolle Zimmermann ◽  
Tania Maria Netto ◽  
Gustavo Tukamoto ◽  
Nina Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Executive Function Deficits

scholarly journals Regional Frontal Gray Matter Volume Associated with Executive Function Capacity as a Risk Factor for Vehicle Crashes in Normal Aging Adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e45920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Sakai ◽  
Miwa Takahara ◽  
Naomi F. Honjo ◽  
Shun'ichi Doi ◽  
Norihiro Sadato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Aging Adults

scholarly journals Cerebral Blood Flow, Brain Volume, and Age Predicts Executive Function in Sickle Cell Anemia

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 976-976
Author(s):  
Kemar V. Prussien ◽  
Bruce E. Compas ◽  
Rachel Siciliano ◽  
R. Sky Jones ◽  
Abagail E. Ciriegio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Total Brain

Abstract Introduction: Individuals with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are at increased risk for deficits in multiple domains of neurocognitive functioning, including executive functions. In addition to assessing the effects of silent cerebral infarcts (SCI) and stroke on cognition, prior research has focused on hemoglobin and transcranial Doppler velocity as hemodynamic correlates. Recent studies have begun to use more precise measures of blood delivery to the brain (e.g., cerebral blood flow; CBF) to determine more sensitive indicators of cognitive risk prior to neurological injury. Nevertheless, empirical and meta-analytic findings suggest that these deficits increase with age, which can have broad impact on psychosocial functioning, including self-management and navigation through the transition from pediatric to adult medical care. This study aimed to assess brain volume as a mediator of the association between CBF and executive functioning in a sample of individuals with SCA. The secondary aim was to assess age as a moderator of hemodynamic and structural correlates of executive function. Methods: Children, adolescents, and young adults with SCA were enrolled prospectively. Each participant received a 3-Tesla non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography of the brain, and a neurological examination by the study neurologist. Gray matter CBF was calculated from pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling using the solution to the flow-modified Bloch equation after correcting for individual hematocrit. Three measures of brain volume were also computed from 3D-T1 images using Freesurfer version 7.1.1: total brain volume, gray matter volume, and white matter volume was calculated as the difference between the two. At a separate study visit, participants completed an age-appropriate Wechsler Working Memory Index (WMI). Pearson correlations assessed bivariate associations among variables, SPSS PROCESS macro was used to test gray matter volume as a mediator in the relation between CBF and working memory, and multiple linear regression analyses tested age as a moderator of the impact of CBF and brain volume on working memory. Results: Twenty-nine children and adolescents (ages 6 to 17 years) and 25 adults (ages 18 to 31 years) were enrolled. Five participants were excluded from analyses due to history of overt stroke that resulted in significant brain volume loss. Of 49 included participants, 20 had SCIs. Working memory was inversely correlated with age (r = -.30, p = .037) and CBF (r = -.36, p = .013), such that WMI decreased cross-sectionally with older age and higher CBF. Working memory was positively correlated with gray matter volume (r = .42, p = .002); however, it was not related to white matter volume (r = -.05, p = .715) or total brain volume (r = -.07, p = .642). Finally, patient age was positively correlated with CBF (r = .36, p = .014), but the association of age with gray matter volume did not reach statistical significance (r = -.27, p = .065). Analyses in Figure 1 show that although CBF and gray matter were directly related to working memory (path c and path b, respectively), gray matter volume did not mediate the association between CBF and working memory (path a*b). However, regression analyses (Table 1) showed that age moderated the association between gray matter volume and working memory, such that there was only a significant relation in children and adolescents. This association did not exist for young adults (Figure 2). Conclusions: Neurocognitive assessments has been cited as an important standard of care for children and adolescents with SCA. Given the increase in deficits with age, and the increase in mortality after transferring from pediatric to adult care, monitoring executive function abilities and potential impact on self-management should continue into adulthood. Findings from the current study provide preliminary evidence that cerebral hemodynamic compensation with elevated CBF may be insufficient to prevent gray matter volume loss in children and adolescents and decline in working memory ability. Some limitations of the current study include small sample size and whole brain gray and white matter volumes as opposed to specific regions relevant to executive functions (e.g., prefrontal cortex); however, findings from global measures provide promising evidence for future research on hemodynamic and structural predictors of executive function in SCA. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Cerebellar Gray Matter Volume, Executive Function, and Insomnia: Gender Differences in Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-In Jung ◽  
Min-Hyeon Park ◽  
Bumhee Park ◽  
Shin-Young Kim ◽  
Yae On Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Cerebellar Gray Matter

scholarly journals P3-323: WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITIES MEDIATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRAY MATTER VOLUME AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTION IN COGNITIVELY UNIMPAIRED MIDDLE-AGED INDIVIDUALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P1061-P1062
Author(s):  
Anna Brugulat-Serrat ◽  
Gemma Salvadó ◽  
Grégory Operto ◽  
Raffaele Cacciaglia ◽  
Carole H. Sudre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Differences in Brain Volume between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese Children: The Role of Fitness

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez ◽  
Irene Esteban-Cornejo ◽  
Jairo H. Migueles ◽  
Idoia Labayen ◽  
Juan Verdejo-Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

The aim of this study was to examine whether metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater global and regional gray matter volumes than their metabolically unhealthy peers. We further examined the association between gray matter volume and academic achievement, along with the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in these associations. A total of 97 overweight/obese children (10.0 ± 1.2 years) participated. We classified children as metabolically healthy/unhealthy based on metabolic syndrome cut-offs. Global and regional brain volumes were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Academic achievement was assessed using the Woodcock-Muñoz standardized test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test. Metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) children had greater regional gray matter volume compared to those who were metabolically unhealthy (MUO) (all p ≤ 0.001). A similar trend was observed for global gray matter volume (p = 0.06). Global gray matter volume was positively related to academic achievement (β = 0.237, p = 0.036). However, all the associations were attenuated or disappeared after adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness (p > 0.05). The findings of the present study support that metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater gray matter volume compared to those that are metabolically unhealthy, which is in turn related to better academic achievement. However, cardiorespiratory fitness seems to explain, at least partially, these findings.

scholarly journals Abnormal Gray Matter Volume and Functional Connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xu Jiang ◽  
Zhuang Wu ◽  
Min Zhong ◽  
Bo Shen ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

Objective. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a common symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and patients with PD-RBD tend to have an increased risk of cognitive decline and have the tendency to be akinetic/rigidity predominant. At the same time, the mechanisms of RBD in patients with PD remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the structural and functional differences in patients with PD-RBD and PD without RBD (PD-nRBD). Methods. Twenty-four polysomnography-confirmed patients with PD-RBD, 26 patients with PD-nRBD, and 26 healthy controls were enrolled. Structural and functional patterns were analyzed based on voxel-based morphometry and seed-based functional connectivity (FC). Correlations between altered gray matter volume (GMV)/FC values and cognitive scores and motor impairment scores in PD subgroups were assessed. Results. Compared with patients with PD-nRBD, patients with PD-RBD showed relatively high GMV in the cerebellar vermis IV/V and low GMV in the right superior occipital gyrus (SOG). For the FC, patients with PD-RBD displayed lower FC between the right SOG and the posterior regions (left fusiform gyrus, left calcarine sulcus, and left superior parietal gyrus) compared with the patients with PD-nRBD. The GMV values in the right SOG were negatively correlated with the Unified PD Rating Scale-III scores in patients with PD-RBD but positively correlated with delayed memory scores. The GMV values in the cerebellar vermis IV/V were positively correlated with the tonic chin EMG density scores. There were positive correlations between the FC values in the right SOG-left superior parietal gyrus and MoCA and visuospatial skills/executive function scores and in the right SOG-left calcarine sulcus and delayed memory scores. Conclusion. Higher GMV in the cerebellum may be linked with the abnormal motor behaviors during REM sleep in patients with PD-RBD, and lower GMV and FC in the posterior regions may indicate that PD-RBD correspond to more serious neurodegeneration, especially the visuospatial–executive function impairment and delayed memory impairment. These findings provided new insights to learn more about the complicated characteristics in patients with PD-RBD.

scholarly journals Gray Matter Abnormalities of Orbitofrontal Cortex and Striatum in Drug-Naïve Adult Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Bowen ◽  
Tan Changlian ◽  
Liu Qian ◽  
Peng Wanrong ◽  
Yang Huihui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Gyrification Index ◽  
Local Gyrification Index ◽  
Lateralization Index

Objective: This study examined whether obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients have gray matter abnormalities in regions related to executive function, and whether such abnormalities are associated with impaired executive function.Methods: Multiple scales were administered to 27 first-episode drug-naïve OCD patients and 29 healthy controls. Comprehensive brain morphometric indicators of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and three striatum areas (caudate, putamen, and pallidum) were determined. Hemisphere lateralization index was calculated for each region of interest. Correlations between lateralization index and psychological variables were examined in OCD group.Results: The OCD group had greater local gyrification index for the right OFC and greater gray matter volumes of the bilateral putamen and left pallidum than healthy controls. They also had weaker left hemisphere superiority for local gyrification index of the OFC and gray matter volume of the putamen, but stronger left hemisphere superiority for gray matter volume of the pallidum. Patients' lateralization index for local gyrification index of the OFC correlated negatively with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Dysexecutive Questionnaire scores, respectively.Conclusion: Structural abnormalities of the bilateral putamen, left pallidum, and right OFC may underlie OCD pathology. Abnormal lateralization in OCD may contribute to the onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and impaired executive function.

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