scholarly journals Birth order and sibship composition as predictors of overweight or obesity among low-income 4- to 8-year-old children

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Mosli ◽  
A. L. Miller ◽  
K. E. Peterson ◽  
N. Kaciroti ◽  
K. Rosenblum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Effects of Fathers' Absence and Birth Order on Aggressive Behavior of Young Male Children

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1223-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherle L. Boone
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Hispanic Males ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Post Hoc

Aggression scores were obtained for 50 inner-city Hispanic males. An analysis of variance indicated a statistically significant interaction between birth order and number of parents in the household. Post hoc analysis indicated that last-born subjects reared in low-income families with fathers absent displayed more aggressive behavior than firstborn, middle-born, or last-born subjects in families with fathers present. Moreover, there was an indication that firstborn and middle-born subjects in families with fathers absent may be more aggressive than their counterparts in families with fathers present. These results suggest that birth order should be considered in studies of the behavior and personality development of males in father-absent families. Research designs should differentiate between last-born and middle-born siblings.

scholarly journals Review Literatur: Analisis Determinan Sosio Demografi Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita di Berbagai Negara Berkembang

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Rachma Purwanti ◽  
Desi Nurfita
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Number Of Children

UNICEF reported that in 2014 as many as 2/3 of the number of children aged less than five years in low income countries experienced stunting. Stunting is a predictor of the poor quality of human resources and decreasing the productivity of mation in the future. This literature review aims to analyse sociodemographic determinants of the incidence of stunting in children in various developing countries. The design of this study is a literature review with a systematic review method. Articles are traced using several search enginse. The Google Database is the main source in this literature review. The inclusion criteria of the selected articles include: 1) journal/scientific report, 2) presentation in English, 3) Published last 10 years (2008 – 2018), 4) articles using research subject are children <60 months old, and, 5) articles with design correlation research There was a positive relationship between recidence and the incidence of stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,05; p<0,01; p<0,0001). There is a negative relationships between family economic status and the incidence of stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,001; p<0,001), the education level of mothers with the incidence of stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,01; p<0,01; p<0,01; and p<0,01), father’s education level with the incidence of stunting (p<0,0001 dan p<0,01). There is a relationship between birth order of children, living with grandmother and polygamy with the incidence of stunting (p<0,01; p<0,01, p<0,001). Socio demographic determinants of stunting events include: 1. residence (rural/urban), 2. Family economic status, 3. Parental education, and 4. Contact with other culture , including the birth order, living with grandparents and polygamy. Keywords: determinant; socio demographic; under five years; stunting; developing countries Abstrak UNICEF melaporkan sebanyak 2/3 dari jumlah anak usia kurang dari 5 tahun di negara berpenghasilan menengah ke bawah mengalami stunting pada tahun 2014. Stunting merupakan prediktor buruknya kualitas sumber daya manusia dan menurunkan produktivitas suatu bangsa di masa yang akan datang. Literatur Review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan sosio-demografi kejadian stunting pada balita di berbagai negara berkembang. Desain penelitian ini adalah literature review dengan metode sistematik review. Artikel-artikel ditelusuri menggunakan beberapa search engine. Database google menjadi sumber utama dalam literature review ini. Kriteria inklusi dari artikel yang dipilih antara lain : 1) jurnal/laporan ilmiah, 2) Disajikan dalam bahasa inggris, 3) Terbit 10 tahun terakhir (tahun 2008 sampai tahun 2018), 4) Artikel menggunakan subjek penelitian adalah anak usia <60 bulan, dan 5) Artikel dengan desain correlation research. Ada hubungan positif tempat tinggal dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,05; p<0,01; p<0,0001). Ada hubungan negatif status ekonomi keluarga dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,001; p<0,001), tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,0001; p<0,01; p<0,01; p<0,01; dan p<0,01), dan tingkat pendidikan ayah dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,0001 dan p<0,01). Ada hubungan urutan kelahiran anak, tinggal bersama nenek, dan poligami dengan kejadian stunting (p<0,01; p<0,01, dan p<0,001). Determinan sosio demografi kejadian stunting meliputi: 1. Tempat tinggal (rural/urban), 2. Status ekonomi keluarga, 3. Tingkat pendidikan orang tua (ayah dan ibu), dan 4. Kontak dengan budaya lain, meliputi urutan kelahiran anak, tinggal bersama kakek/nenek, dan adanya poligami. Kata kunci: determinan; sosio demografi; balita; stunting; negara berkembang

scholarly journals Efficiency and endogenous fertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Pérez-Nievas ◽  
José I. Conde-Ruiz ◽  
Eduardo L. Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Measure ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Finite Horizon ◽  
Value Functions ◽  
Efficient Allocation ◽  
Endogenous Fertility ◽  
Efficient Allocations ◽  
Fertility Choices

This paper explores the properties of the notions of A ‐efficiency and P ‐efficiency, which were proposed by Golosov et al.. (2007), to evaluate allocations in a general overlapping generations setting in which fertility choices are endogenously selected from a continuum and any two agents of the same generation are identical. First, we show that the properties of A ‐efficient allocations vary depending on the criterion used to identify potential agents. If one identifies potential agents by their position in their siblings' birth order, as Golosov, Jones, and Tertilt do, then A ‐efficiency requires that a positive measure of agents use most of their endowment to maximize the utility of the dynasty head, which, in environments with finite‐horizon altruism, implies that some agents—the youngest in every family—obtain an arbitrary low income to finance their own consumption and fertility plans. If potential agents are identified by the dates in which they may be born, then A ‐efficiency reduces to dynastic maximization, which, in environments with finite‐horizon altruism, drives the economy to a collapse in finite time. To deal with situations like those arising in economies with finite‐horizon altruism, in which A ‐efficiency may be in conflict with individual rights, we propose to evaluate the efficiency of a given allocation with a particular class of specifications of P ‐efficiency for which the utility attributed to the unborn depends on the utility obtained by their living siblings. Under certain concavity assumptions on value functions, we also characterize every symmetric, P ‐efficient allocation as a Millian efficient allocation, that is, as a symmetric allocation that is not A ‐dominated—with the birth‐order criterion—by any other symmetric allocation.

scholarly journals Predictors of Toxoplasma gondii IgG Seropositivity and Cranial Ultrasound Patterns among Children with Hydrocephalus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sofia Ottaru ◽  
Mariam M. Mirambo ◽  
Rogatus Kabyemera ◽  
Benson R. Kidenya ◽  
Mwanaisha Seugendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy is associated with serious neonatal complications, including hydrocephalus. In many high-income countries, T. gondii screening and treatment during the antenatal period are routinely carried out to prevent associated complications, whereas in most low-income countries, there is no routine screening of T. gondii during pregnancy. Despite the parasite being common in Tanzania, there is a paucity of information on the prevalence of T. gondii and cranial ultrasound patterns among children with hydrocephalus. Methods. An analytical cross-sectional hospital-based study involving 125 infants with hydrocephalus attending the Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) was conducted between May 2017 and February 2018. Sociodemographic and other relevant information was collected using a pretested data collection tool. Venous blood samples were collected, and sera were used for the detection of specific T. gondii antibodies by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as per manufacturer’s instructions. Data were analysed using STATA version 13 software. Results. The mean age of enrolled children was 4.8±3.5 months. Out of 125 infants with hydrocephalus, 29 (23.2%, 95% CI: 21-36) were seropositive for T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies. By multiple generalized linear model analysis, being male (aRR=1.1, 95% CI: 0.9–1.5, p=0.049), higher birth order (aRR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.0–1.5, p=0.023), consumption of fish meat (aRR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.3, p=0.003), and using other methods of cooking meat than boiling (aRR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.5, p=0.015) were independent risk factors for T. gondii IgG seropositivity. Obstructive hydrocephalus was significantly more common among T. gondii-seronegative infants compared to IgG-seropositive infants (31.3% [30/96] vs. 13.8% [4/29]; p=0.049). Conclusions. A significant proportion of infants with nonobstructive hydrocephalus are T. gondii IgG seropositive, and this is predicted by male gender, increase of birth order, consuming fish, and using other methods of cooking meat than boiling. These facts highlight the importance of continuing health education for pregnant women regarding T. gondii transmission and the need to follow-up their infants so that appropriate counselling and management can be provided.

Abstract 17318: Mexican Mothers’ Depressive Symptomatology Influences Their Children’S C-Reactive Protein

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Majid ◽  
Rosalba Hernandez ◽  
Makoto Inoue ◽  
Andiara Schwingel ◽  
Liliana Aguayo
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity ◽  
Simple Slopes

Introduction: Elevated concentrations of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) can predict future development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. Elevated CRP levels are found in infancy in children born to mothers with maternal depression. Less is known about the intergenerational influence of maternal depression on offspring’s CRP profiles or its association with obesity risks in childhood, particularly in low-income Mexican populations. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from low-income Mexican mother-child dyads (n=43) living in central Mexico. Mothers completed the Patient Healthcare Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to screen for depression. Fasting dried blood spots, and body composition measurements through bioelectrical impedance were collected from both, child and mother. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to measure CRP from dried blood spots. Moderated multiple regression and simple slopes were used in the analysis. Results: Mothers ranged in age from 21 to 45 (M=30.91±6.83). A total of 73% of mothers had overweight or obesity and 12% had elevated depressive symptoms (PHQ-9≥9). Mothers’ CRP values ranged from 0.08 to 9.05 mg/L (M= 2.15±2.00). Children were between the ages of 4 to 7 years old (M=4.86±0.91). Of children, 48% were male, 32% of children had overweight or obesity. Child CRP values ranged from 0.03 to 4.83 mg/L (M=.56±0.99). Child CRP was a significant predictor of children’s fat mass (β=0.51, p<0.001). A significant interaction between child CRP and maternal depression status was evident when regressed on the outcome of fat mass for children (β=0.54, p<0.02). Simple slopes of the interaction showed that, for children whose mothers have low depressive symptoms, child CRP values were positively associated with child fat mass (b=0.98; SE=0.38, p=0.01). For children whose mothers have severe depressive symptoms, child CRP values were negatively associated with children’s fat mass (β=-8.24; SE=4.02, p=0.048). Conclusion: Findings suggest that among children living with mothers with severe depressive symptoms, elevated CRP is associated with lower fat mass in children. Further investigation is needed to assess the biological pathways through which mother’s depression influences CRP in children.

scholarly journals Relationships between stress, demographics and dietary intake behaviours among low-income pregnant women with overweight or obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 1066-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Wei Chang ◽  
Alai Tan ◽  
Jonathan Schaffir
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
White Women ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
High Stress ◽  
College Education ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

AbstractObjectiveTo identify demographic risk factors associated with high stress and examine the relationships between levels of stress, demographics and dietary fat, fruit and vegetable intakes in low-income pregnant women with overweight or obesity.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingParticipants were recruited from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in Michigan, USA.ParticipantsParticipants (n 353) were non-Hispanic Black (black) or White (white).ResultsWomen aged 35 years or older (OR=4·09; 95% CI 1·45, 11·51) and who had high school or less education (OR=1·88; 95% CI 1·22, 2·89) or were unemployed (OR=1·89; 95% CI 1·15, 3·12) were significantly more likely to report high stress than women who were younger, had at least some college education or were employed/homemakers. However, race and smoking status were not associated with level of stress. Women with high stress reported significantly lower fruit and vegetable intakes but not fat intake than women with low stress. Women aged 35 years or older reported significantly higher vegetable but not fat or fruit intake than women who were 18–24 years old. Black women reported significantly higher fat but not fruit or vegetable intake than white women. Education, employment and smoking status were not significantly associated with dietary intake of fat, fruits and vegetables.ConclusionsNutrition counselling on reducing fat and increasing fruit and vegetable intakes may consider targeting women who are black or younger or who report high stress, respectively.

scholarly journals Distribution of diabetes, hypertension and non-communicable disease risk factors among adults in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. e000787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Fottrell ◽  
Naveed Ahmed ◽  
Sanjit Kumer Shaha ◽  
Hannah Jennings ◽  
Abdul Kuddus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Glucose Ingestion ◽  
Poor Group ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing in low-income settings. We conducted a survey of risk factors, blood pressure and blood glucose in rural Bangladesh and assessed variations by age, sex and wealth.MethodsWe surveyed a random sample of 12 280 adults aged >30 years in 96 villages in rural Bangladesh. Fieldworkers measured blood glucose and conducted an glucose tolerance test with a repeat blood test 120 min post glucose ingestion. Blood pressure, anthropometric, socioeconomic, lifestyle and behavioural risk factors data were also collected. Data were analysed to describe the prevalence of diabetes, intermediate hyperglycaemia, hypertension and NCD risk factors by age, sex and wealth.ResultsWomen had higher levels of overweight or obesity and lower levels of physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption than men; 63% of men used tobacco compared with 41.3% of women. Overweight or obesity and abdominal obesity (waist to hip ratio) increased with socioeconomic status (least poor vs most poor: OR (95% CI) 3.21 (2.51 to 4.11) for men and 2.83 (2.28 to 3.52) for women). Tobacco use, passive smoke exposure and salt consumption fell with increasing socioeconomic status in both sexes. Clustering of risk factors showed more than 70% of men and women reported at least three risk factors. Women in the least poor group were 33% more likely to have three or more risk factors compared with women in the most poor group (1.33 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.58)). The combined prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes was 26.1% among men and 34.9% among women, and increased with age. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 30.7% and 15.9% among men and 27.2% and 22.5% among women, with similar rising prevalence with age.ConclusionNCD risk factors, hyperglycaemia and raised blood pressure are an immediate health threat in rural Bangladesh. Initiatives to improve detection, treatment and prevention strategies are needed.

Risk Factors for Delayed Immunization in a Random Sample of 1163 Children From Oregon and Washington

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Kay Bobo ◽  
James L. Gale ◽  
Purushottam B. Thapa ◽  
Steven G. F. Wassilak
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Coverage Rates

Despite extensive study of vaccine safety and decades of effort to immunize infants and toddlers, little is known about the comprehensiveness of vaccine coverage in US children younger than 2 years of age. Provider and parent data from a population-based sample of 1163 children from two states were analyzed to assess coverage rates at three ages and to evaluate characteristics of children and their families that predict failure to immunize on schedule. Overall, 78% of the children had received their first dose of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with pertussis vaccine (DTP) and their first dose of oral poliovirus (OPV) by 92 days of age. Similarly, 77% had received their third dose of DTP and their second dose of OPV by their first birthday. However, by their second birthday only 60% had received the full series of four doses of DTP, three doses of OPV, and one dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines. When considered singly, several variables including child birth order, family income, maternal education, and marital status significantly predicted failure to immunize on schedule. In multivariate logistic models, only birth order and maternal education consistently predicted vaccine status at each of the three ages. Compared with first-born children, those who were later-born were 1.7 times more likely to be incompletely immunized at 2 years of age (95% confidence interval: 1.2, 2.3). Children of more educated mothers were significantly less likely to be underimmunized at all ages. These data highlight the general need to continue promoting immunizations to the broad population of US parents and a specific need to aggressively target children who are later-born or have unmarried, low-income, or poorly educated mothers.

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