Comparing the area under the curve and peak height methods in the calculation of FLT3‐ITD allelic ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Di Ciaccio ◽  
Anabel Kearney ◽  
Silvia Ling
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Allelic Ratio

scholarly journals Predictive Analytic Techniques to Identify Hidden Relationships between Training Load, Fatigue and Muscle Strains in Young Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Mauro Mandorino ◽  
António J. Figueiredo ◽  
Gianluca Cima ◽  
Antonio Tessitore
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Neuromuscular Fatigue ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Injury Surveillance System

This study aimed to analyze different predictive analytic techniques to forecast the risk of muscle strain injuries (MSI) in youth soccer based on training load data. Twenty-two young soccer players (age: 13.5 ± 0.3 years) were recruited, and an injury surveillance system was applied to record all MSI during the season. Anthropometric data, predicted age at peak height velocity, and skeletal age were collected. The session-RPE method was daily employed to quantify internal training/match load, and monotony, strain, and cumulative load over the weeks were calculated. A countermovement jump (CMJ) test was submitted before and after each training/match to quantify players’ neuromuscular fatigue. All these data were used to predict the risk of MSI through different data mining models: Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM). Among them, SVM showed the best predictive ability (area under the curve = 0.84 ± 0.05). Then, Decision tree (DT) algorithm was employed to understand the interactions identified by the SVM model. The rules extracted by DT revealed how the risk of injury could change according to players’ maturity status, neuromuscular fatigue, anthropometric factors, higher workloads, and low recovery status. This approach allowed to identify MSI and the underlying risk factors.

Effect of the antiprogestin RU486 on uterine sensitivity to oxytocin in ewes in late pregnancy

1992 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Burgess ◽  
G. Jenkin ◽  
M. M. Ralph ◽  
G. D. Thorburn
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Pg Release

ABSTRACT The effect of RU486, a synthetic progesterone receptor antagonist, on basal uterine prostaglandin (PG) release and release in response to oxytocin injection has been investigated in late-pregnant sheep (days 135–140 of gestation). Fifteen hours after i.m. injection of RU486 (50 mg; n = 5) or vehicle alone (n = 4), bolus injections of oxytocin (50, 500 and 5000 mU) were administered via a uterine artery ipsilateral to the pregnant uterine horn at 2-hourly intervals. Uteroovarian vein concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α (PGFM) and PGE2 were determined before and during oxytocin stimulation. Basal concentrations of both PGFM and PGE2 were significantly (P < 0·001) increased in ewes 15 h after RU486 administration compared with ewes receiving vehicle alone. Concentrations of PGFM, but not PGE2, increased significantly (P < 0·001) following injection of each dose of oxytocin in both treated and untreated animals. The response to oxytocin, measured both as the area under the curve and as the peak height of PGFM release, was significantly (P <0·05) greater in RU486-treated ewes. There was no significant effect of oxytocin on the area or peak height of PGE2 response in either RU486-treated or control animals. These results demonstrate that treatment of late-pregnant ewes with RU486 results in an increase in basal uterine PGFM and PGE2 as well as oxytocin-stimulated PGFM release. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 134, 353–360

scholarly journals Physiological responses to psychological stress: importance of adiposity in men aged 50–70 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
S U Jayasinghe ◽  
S J Torres ◽  
C A Nowson ◽  
A J Tilbrook ◽  
A I Turner
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase

We tested the hypothesis that overweight/obese men aged 50–70 years will have a greater salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase and heart rate (HR) responses to psychological stress compared with age matched lean men. Lean (BMI=20–25 kg/m2; n=19) and overweight/obese (BMI=27–35 kg/m2; n=17) men (50–70 years) were subjected to a well-characterised psychological stress (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) at 1500 h. Concentrations of cortisol and alpha amylase were measured in saliva samples collected every 7–15 min from 1400 to 1700 h. HR was recorded using electrocardiogram. Body weight, BMI, percentage body fat, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significantly higher (P<0.05) in overweight/obese men compared with lean men. Both groups responded to the TSST with a substantial elevation in salivary cortisol (372%), salivary alpha amylase (123%) and HR (22%). These responses did not differ significantly between the groups (time×treatment interaction for salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase and HR; P=0.187, P=0.288, P=0.550, respectively). There were no significant differences between the groups for pretreatment values, peak height, difference between pretreatment values and peak height (reactivity) or area under the curve for salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase or HR (P>0.05 for all). The results showed that, for men with a moderate level of overweight/obesity who were otherwise healthy, the response of salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase and HR to acute psychological stress was not impaired.

scholarly journals Altered VEGF-stimulated Ca2+ signaling in part underlies pregnancy-adapted eNOS activity in UAEC

2014 ◽  
Vol 223 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek S Boeldt ◽  
Mary A Grummer ◽  
Ronald R Magness ◽  
Ian M Bird
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
No Production ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Enos Activity ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
In Pregnancy

In pregnancy, the uterine vasculature undergoes dramatic vasodilatory adaptations. Previously, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to stimulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in uterine artery endothelial cells (UAECs) derived from pregnant ewes to a greater extent than those from non-pregnant ewes in a manner not fully explained by changes in the phosphorylation of eNOS. In this study, we used Fura-2 Ca2+imaging and arginine-to-citrulline conversion eNOS activity assays to assess the importance of VEGF-stimulated Ca2+responses in pregnancy-related changes in NO production in UAEC. In this study, we show that pregnancy-induced changes in VEGF-stimulated Ca2+responses could account in part for the greater capacity of VEGF to stimulate eNOS in UAECs from pregnant versus non-pregnant animals. VEGF-stimulated Ca2+responses in UAECs from pregnant and non-pregnant animals were mediated through VEGF receptor 2 and were detected in roughly 15% of all cells. There were no pregnancy-specific differences in area under the curve or peak height. UAECs from pregnant animals were more consistent in the time to response initiation, had a larger component of extracellular Ca2+entry, and were more sensitive to a submaximal dose of VEGF. In UAECs from pregnant and non-pregnant animals Ca2+responses and eNOS activation were sensitive to the phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate pathway inhibitors 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane and U73122. Thus, changes in VEGF-stimulated [Ca2+]iare necessary for eNOS activation in UAECs, and pregnancy-induced changes in Ca2+responses could also in part explain the pregnancy-specific adaptive increase in eNOS activity in UAECs.

Timing of exposure to somatostatin relative to growth hormone-releasing factor dictates the rat anterior pituitary cell growth hormone response

1993 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Richardson ◽  
S. Twente
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Temporal Interactions ◽  
Timing Of Exposure ◽  
Concomitant Exposure

ABSTRACT The temporal interactions of rat GH-releasing factor (GRF) and somatostatin (SRIF) on the secretion of GH from perifused rat anterior pituitary cells have been studied. SRIF and GRF were employed at concentrations in a range close to levels reported in the hypophysial circulation of the rat. GH secretion was inhibited by pulses of 1 nmol SRIF/1 (6 min) or 0·3 nmol SRIF/1 (6 or 20 min). No rebound GH stimulation was observed. Exposure of cells to 6-min pulses of 0·3 nmol rat GRF/1 repeated three times resulted in rapid stimulatory responses which became attenuated. Concomitant exposure to 0·3 nmol SRIF/1 during a GRF pulse resulted in transient inhibition followed by a delayed and enhanced GH response, measured as the area under the curve but not peak height, whereas continuation of SRIF after a GRF pulse abolished the GH response. Exposure to 0·3 nmol SRIF/1 prior to but not during a GRF pulse did not delay or inhibit the GH response. The area under the curve was increased under these conditions because of the lowered baseline in cells perifused with SRIF. SRIF alters somatotroph responsivity to equimolar concentrations of rat GRF and under different temporal conditions and can inhibit, enhance or delay GH secretion. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 138, 369–377

Haemostasis Assessed by Rotational Thromboelastometry and Thrombin Generation Test in Behcet's Disease Patients,

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 3313-3313
Author(s):  
Ihosvany Fernández Bello ◽  
Elena G. Arias Salgado ◽  
Francisco Javier López-Longo ◽  
Mayte Álvarez Román ◽  
Isabel Rivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Behcet’S Disease ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Hypercoagulable State ◽  
Intrinsic Pathway ◽  
Rotational Thromboelastometry ◽  
Generation Test

Abstract Abstract 3313 Objectives: Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology associated with an increased risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. To date, no studies for haemostasis have been conducted in this population by rotational thromboelastometry and thrombin generation test. These methods appear to be more sensitive and specific than routine coagulation tests in detecting defects of the coagulation system and could provide new elements for better understanding the mechanisms involved in the hypercoagulable state observed in BD patients. On this basis, this work aims to study haemostasis in patients with BD by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM ®) and thrombin generation test (CAT). Methods: Twenty-six patients with BD were included. Ages were between 25–86 years (mean ± SD: 48.60 ± 15.66 years) and 73% were female. Eight patients had active disease at the time of enrollment and 6 had a history of thrombosis. Control group included 20 healthy individuals aged between 28–55 years (42.85 ± 9.02 years) and 65% were female. Rotational thromboelastometry was performed in whole blood with ROTEM® coagulation analyzer (Pentapharm, Munich, Germany) at INTEM condition (activation of coagulation mainly throughout intrinsic pathway). Samples were allowed to rest 1 hour at room temperature and heated for 4 minutes at 37 ° C immediately before testing. Thrombin generation was measured in platelet-free plasma by the method of Hemker (Calibrated Automated Thrombography, CAT). Activation was performed with a final concentration of 4 mM of phospholipids and 1 pM of tissue factor which favored the activation of coagulation mainly throughout intrinsic pathway. Normal distribution for continuous variables was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk testComparisons of quantitative variables were made with non-paired Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney's U test as appropriate. Results: Values of thromboelastometry parameters were increased in samples from BD patients. The higher clot consistency at 5 and 10 minutes (p=0.0452 and p=0.0179 respectively), and the pronounced maximal clot firmness (p=0.0064) suggest that platelet function may be altered in our patient cohort. Moreover, values higher than control ones for a angle (p=0.0266), maximum clot formation velocity (p=0.0454) and area under the curve at 5 and 10 minutes (p=0.0206 and p=0.0220 respectively) point to an increased thrombin generation in BD patients. In order to verify this hypothesis, thrombin generation was evaluated in samples from these patients. CAT experiments showed that BD patients had an increased endogenous thrombin potential (p = 0.0251) and reached higher maximum levels of thrombin (peak height, p = 0.0119) than controls. To determine if haemostatic profile in BD patients evaluated by rotational thromboelastometry and CAT correlates with disease activity, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated. There was a significant but mild correlation between disease activity and area under the curve at 5 minutes (r=0.3818, p=0.0494) and the maximal clot firmness (r=0.3978, p= 0.0399) (thromboelastometry parameters) and the peak height (r=0.4615, p=0.0251) (CAT parameter). Conclusions: Rotational thromboelastometry at INTEM condition and thrombin generation test confirmed that there is a hypercoagulable state in Behcet's disease. Procoagulant/anticoagulant protein equilibrium and platelet function may be altered in this pathology as indicated by several parameter measured by both tests. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Diagnosis of Raynaud’s Phenomenon by 99mTc-Hydroxymethylene Diphosphonate Digital Blood Flow Scintigraphy After One-hand Chilling

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1663-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEONG-RYUL KWON ◽  
MIE-JIN LIM ◽  
SHIN-GOO PARK ◽  
IN-YOUNG HYUN ◽  
WON PARK
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Digital Blood Flow ◽  
Pool Image

Objective.We introduce the use of 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) digital blood flow scintigraphy to diagnose Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP).Methods.Fifty-seven patients with RP and 60 healthy controls were recruited. One hand was chilled by immersion into water at 4°C, and then an intravenous bolus of 740 MBq of 99mTc-HDP was injected. The radioactivity from the second to the fifth fingers of both hands was recorded. Acquisition was performed at a rate of one frame per 2 seconds until 155 frames. We calculated 4 ratios by comparing the activity curves of the chilled hand with those of the ambient hand.Results.The chilled to ambient hand ratio of the initial slope was significantly lower in the patients with RP (0.28 ± 0.18) than in the controls (0.78 ± 0.20) (p < 0.001). The chilled to ambient hand ratio of the first peak height, 30-second area under the curve, and blood pool uptake were also lower in the patients with RP than in controls (p < 0.001 for each). The initial slope ratio of 0.51, used as a cutoff value, showed a sensitivity of 91.2% and specificity of 93.3%. The loss of the initial spike curve, the presence of a slowly progressing radioactivity curve, and the inhomogeneous radioactivity uptake in the blood pool image in either hand were characteristic findings of the patients with RP (p < 0.001).Conclusion.99mTc-HDP digital blood flow scintigraphy after one-hand chilling is a noninvasive, accurate, and quantitative method to evaluate RP.

Effects of vitamin A deficiency on growth hormone secretion and circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration in Japanese Black steers

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Oka ◽  
F. Iwaki ◽  
T. Dohgo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Concentration Peak

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of vitamin A (retinol) on growth hormone (GH) secretion and circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration in Japanese Black steers. Thirteen 10-month-old Japanese Black steers were divided into two groups: high vitamin A (H) group and low vitamin A (L) group. The animals in the H group were injected with 20 ml retinol palmitate (303 mg as retinol) intramuscularly every month throughout the experimental period. The steers in the L group were injected with vitamin A similarly at the age of 10 to 14 months. All steers were given vitamin A with the food (approx. 100 μg as retinol per kg diet) at the age of 21 to 30 months to prevent clinical vitamin A deficiency. Blood samples for analyses of vitamin A and IGF-1 were collected every 2 months. Series of blood samples for analyses of GH were collected at 15-min intervals over a 6-h period from each animal at the age of 10, 20, and 30 months. Although there was no difference in food intake between the two groups (P > 0·05), the average daily gain of the H group was greater (P < 0·001) than that of the L group. The carcass weight and subcutaneous fat thickness of the H group were significantly greater (P < 0·05) than those of the L group. The longissimus muscle area (P < 0·01) and marbling score (P < 0·001) of the L group were significantly greater than those of the H group. The serum retinol concentrations of the L group were significantly lower (P < 0·01) than those of the H group from the age of 16 months. The serum IGF-1 concentrations of the L group gradually decreased and were significantly lower (P < 0·01) than those of the H group from the age of 18 months. The overall mean concentration, peak height, area under the curve, and nadir of GH in both groups decreased with age. However, there were no significant differences (P > 0·05) in overall mean GH concentration, peak number, peak height, area under the curve, or nadir between the two groups. These results indicate that vitamin A affects the IGF-1 levels, with little or no intermediary effect on GH.

Continuous Versus Subsampling Analysis of Thrombin Generation.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3886-3886
Author(s):  
Alice Lau ◽  
Leslie Berry ◽  
Anthony K.C. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Continuous Method ◽  
Tris Buffer ◽  
Mixture Prior ◽  
Elisa Plate ◽  
Subsampling Method ◽  
Continuous Assay

Abstract Thrombin generation measurement is becoming a useful technique to assess the hemostatic system. Subsampling methods though labour intensive, measure activities directly. The continuous method has become an alternative option. Studies by Hemker et.al. (1) showed that both methods gave comparable results but had some differences. We decided to further assess the variation between the methods. For the continuous method, 125μl of plasma, 15μl of Pefabloc (50mg/ml) and 12.5μl of Pefachrome TG5134 (0.5mM) were added to a 96 well ELISA plate and prewarmed to 37°C. The reaction was started by adding 97.5μl of 1/12.5 Thromborel S in 25.64mM CaCl2/Tris buffer. The optical density at 405nm was recorded at an interval of 15sec for 15 min. For the subsampling method, 125μl of 1/16 Thromborel S in 20mM CaCl2/Tris buffer was added to 125μl of defibrinated (Arvin) plasma. Subsamples were taken into 5mM EDTA solution at 15sec intervals. Chromogenix S2238 was used for measuring thrombin in the subsampling method. The continuous method gave a peak height of ~410nM and area under the curve of 860–900 nM.min whereas the subsampling method gave a peak height of ~360nM and an area under the curve of 550–600nM.min. This difference disappeared when PefachromeTG5134 was added into the reaction mixture prior to running subsampling assays. Thus, substrate likely slowed inhibition of generated thrombin in the continuous assay, which confirms previous findings by Hemker et.al. (1). Further examination revealed that the concentration of α2M-IIa complex was very different between the two methods. α2M-IIa complex calculated from the continuous method (80nM) was much greater than α2M-IIa complex obtained experimentally by the subsampling method (38nM) even in the presence of TG5134. However, addition of a large excess of antithrombin and heparin at the final equilibrium time point of the continuous assay reduced the α2M-IIa complex to the same level (38nM) as that of the subsampling method. We have shown that the slow-acting substrate Pefachrome TG5134 gave an increased estimate of both free and α2M-IIa complex. Thus, a significant amount of free thrombin remains at the end of thrombin generation that is not accounted for in the continuous method. This estimate of final α2M-IIa complex concentration may be important in determining the relative protection against long-term plasma thrombin activity in pediatric patients with elevated α2M levels.

Episodic and seasonal rhythms of cortisol secretion in male Eld's deer (Cervus eldi thamin)

1993 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Monfort ◽  
J. L. Brown ◽  
D. E. Wildt
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Seasonal Rhythms

ABSTRACT Episodic and seasonal rhythms of cortisol secretion were evaluated in six adult Eld's deer (Cervus eldi thamin) stags. Plasma cortisol was measured in serial blood samples collected via remote catheterization every 10 min for 10 h within 2 weeks of the summer solstice (21 June), autumn equinox (22 September), winter solstice (21 December) and spring equinox (20 March), and in weekly blood samples collected from sedated stags. Cortisol was secreted episodically at a rate of approximately 0·6 peaks/h. Based on quantitative peak detection analyses of each 10-h data series, no overall seasonal differences (P>0·05) were detected in the number of peaks (mean range, 5·7–6·2), maximal peak height (mean range, 30·1–40·8 nmol/l), mean peak height as per cent increase (mean range, 158–168%), mean interval between peaks (mean range, 80·1–88·6 min), mean peak width (mean range, 55·1–65·1 min) and mean peak area under the curve (mean range, 675–816 nmol/l min). Based on weekly blood sampling, spring cortisol concentrations were elevated (P<0·05) compared with summer and autumn concentrations. However, when mean cortisol concentrations derived from the 10-h quarterly data sets were analysed, no seasonal differences (P>0·05) were detected. The present study represents the first detailed confirmation of episodic cortisol secretion in any cervid. Results (1) indicate that Eld's deer stags lack a distinct seasonal rhythm of cortisol secretion and (2) clearly illustrate the need for frequent blood sampling in fully conscious individuals to ensure accurate assessment of adrenal status in cervids. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 138, 41–49

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