Boron mining and enrichment waste: A promising raw material for porcelain tile production

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emirhan Karadagli ◽  
Bugra Cicek
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Tile Production ◽  
Porcelain Tile

Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes as Raw Material in the Replacement of Fluxes for Applications on Porcelain Tile

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo J.S. Paranhos ◽  
Wilson Acchar ◽  
Vamberto Monteiro Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Porcelain Tile

This study evaluated the potential use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes (SBA) as a flux, replacing phyllite for the production of enamelled porcelain tile. The raw materials of the standard mass components and the SBA residue were characterized by testing by XRF, XRD, AG, DTA and TGA. Test samples were fabricated, assembled in lots of 3 units and sintered at temperatures of 1150 ° C to 1210 ° C. The results of the physical properties, mechanical properties and SEM of the sintered samples, showed that the formulation, G4 - in which applied 10% of SBA replacing phyllite, sintering temperature 1210 ° C showed better performance as the previously mentioned properties due to the formation of mullite crystals, meeting the prerequisites of standards for enamelled porcelain tile, while reducing the environmental impact and the cost of production.

Reusing sanitaryware waste products in glazed porcelain tile production

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 3107-3112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baran Tarhan ◽  
Muge Tarhan ◽  
Tuna Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Tile Production ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Glazed Porcelain ◽  
Porcelain Tile

Reusing Porcelain Tile Polishing Wastes in the Manufacturing of Aluminosilicate Fireplace Bricks

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 1700-1705
Author(s):  
Regina C. Santos ◽  
António Sousa Correia ◽  
Guilherme Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Ceramic Process ◽  
By Products ◽  
Porcelain Tile

Waste porcelain tile polishing sludges result from sediments of the treatment plants of tile manufacturing industrial wastewater. These polishing by-products are essentially a mix of fine residues of the specific ceramic body and a coarse residue of the abrasive used for polishing the surface of the tiles. In the present work, it was studied the use of porcelain tile polishing sludges, as a raw material in manufacturing of aluminosilicate fireclay bricks to be used in fireplaces. In order to establish the feasibility of the process and to develop the addition conditions, a set of appropriate ceramic compositions of white and red fireclays was studied. Results showed that up to 10 % in weight of the basic raw materials could be preplaced by tile polishing dry sludges, without significant changes in the ceramic process and the resulting materials properties.

scholarly journals Valorization of rice straw waste: production of porcelain tiles

Cerâmica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (360) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Guzmán A ◽  
Silvio Delvasto A ◽  
Maria Francisca Quereda V ◽  
Enrique Sánchez V
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Porcelain Tiles ◽  
Porcelain Tile

Abstract The rice industry generates huge amounts of rice straw ashes (RSA). This paper presents the results of an experimental research work about the incorporation of RSA waste as a new alternative raw material for production of porcelain tiles. The RSA replaces, partially or completely, the non-plastic raw materials (quartz (feldspathic sand in this research) and feldspar), that together with the clays, constitute the major constituents of formulations of porcelain tiles. A standard industrial composition (0% RSA) and two more compositions in which feldspar and feldspathic sand were replaced with two percentages of RSA (12.5% RSA and 60% RSA) were formulated, keeping the clay content constant. The mixtures were processed, reproducing industrial porcelain tile manufacturing conditions by the dry route and fired at peak temperatures varying from 1140-1260 ºC. The results showed that additions of 12.5% RSA in replacement of feldspar and feldspathic sand allowed producing porcelain tiles that did not display marked changes in processing behaviour, in addition to obtain a microstructure and the typical mineralogical phases of porcelain tile. Thus, an alternative use of an agricultural waste material is proposed, which can be translated into economic and environmental benefits.

Processing of High-Quartz Porcelain Tile with Large Yellow Sand

2015 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
pp. 244-248
Author(s):  
Xiao Qing Wen ◽  
Xing Yong Gu ◽  
Ting Luo
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Yellow Sand ◽  
Xrd Diffraction ◽  
Infrared Property ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
High Quartz ◽  
Porcelain Tile

In this study, the yellow sand waste with enormous reserves in the Inner Mongolia Tengger desert was taken as the main raw material mixed with the same regional clays for the infrared functional low-temperature porcelained tile. The mineral composition and granule feature of Tengri yellow sand as well as the micro-structure and infrared property of the fired body were discussed by the means of various testing such as the grain fineness distribution analysis, the XRD diffraction analysis, the SEM scanning electron microscope analysis, the coefficient of thermal expansion measure and the infrared performance detection. The results revealed that the natural mineral could be replaced by the yellow sand waste in large for preparing the environmental protection functional porcelained ceramics with favorable properties. The flexural strength of porcelained tiles sintered at 1140°C~1160°Ckeeps from 40 to 55Mpa when the high addition of yellow sand varies 75wt% to 90wt%. And the body is composed of high quartz as the main phase and little wollastonite phase which meets with the thermal shock resistant standard of the present architectural material .

scholarly journals Investigation of the Physical, Mechanical and Aesthetic Characteristics of Terrazo Tiles Obtained from Different Rock Aggregates

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 477-490
Author(s):  
Canberk Çoşkun ◽  
Tamer Rızaoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
Tile Production ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance

AbstractThroughout history, people have covered the floors of the buildings with materials such as carpet, rock pieces, wood, mosaic, ceramic and tile according to the conditions of the day due to their desire to protect them from moisture, make them hygienic environment easy to clean and give an aesthetic appearance. The merging of mechanization with cement based materials with the industrial revolution in the 19th century has brought along the development of diversity and different production methods in these floor covering materials. One of these coating materials is terrazo tiles that form the subject of the current paper. Terrazo tiles are materials obtained by pressing the mortar obtained by mixing water, cement, marble powder and aggregate in certain proportions. Within the scope of this research, it was aimed to provide alternative raw materials to the tile body and to transform the rock pieces, which are found in waste form in natural stone workshops, into the economy. For this purpose, geomaterials collected from magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks cropped in the Kahramanmaraş-Antakya-Elazığ regions and natural stone workshops operating in Kahramanmaraş city, were classified according to their geological origins and aggregates of 4.75-12 mm were obtained with the help of jaw crushers and sieves. Tiles have been produced in accordance with the method of tile production from sized aggregates. The produced tiles were kept in the water pool for 28 days and surface controls were made. According to the physical and mechanical test results applied to the tile samples, water absorption by weight is 5.31-13.25%, bending strength 4.95-8.89 MPa, Böhme abrasion resistance 1.09-3.43 cm3/50cm2, mass loss after freeze-thaw is observed to be in the range of 0.97-1.59%. On the other hand, the surface roughness of the tiles prepared with coarse rock aggregates was found to be relatively lower than the tile samples obtained with fine grained rock aggregates. The obtained results indicate that the geomaterials subject to the research can be used as an alternative raw material source in tile production and these raw materials will provide new benefits to the construction field.

Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Savadori ◽  
Eraldo Nicotra ◽  
Rino Rumiati ◽  
Roberto Tamborini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Context ◽  
Cluster Procedure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

Raw material mix optimization system for sintering plant and blast furnace at CST

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
C. Perin Filho ◽  
D. Tassinari Miranda ◽  
E. Medeiros Milanez ◽  
E. Luiz Massanori Harano ◽  
E. Torres Bispo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimization System ◽  
Raw Material Mix ◽  
Sintering Plant

Hydrostatic Fiber Optic Liquid Level Sensor with position sensitive detector

Metrologiya ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
V. N. Astapov ◽  
I. N. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Triangulation Sensor

This article presents the rationale and methodology for developing an intrinsically safe device, namely, a hydrostatic fiber optic sensor with a position-sensitive detector for monitoring the level of oil products in large-capacity tanks at oil depots and during pumping in a raw material warehouses. This device suitable for continuous monitoring of the liquid level, based on the measurement of a hydrostatic column of liquid with automatic offset of changes in the density of the liquid. Offset is carried out by means of a displacer (a fully submerged float), inside which a housing with a position-sensitive detector (PSD) is integrated. Theoretical validation of the bellows suspension usage for a displacer is given. During filling a container with a liquid whose level is measured, liquid bellows, the movement of which is recorded by an optical triangulation sensor using the reflected infrared ray incident on the bottom of the bellows. The principle of the triangulation sensor operation is based on the geometric properties of the triangles. The pulses of infrared radiation come through a fiber optic cable. In order to measure the movement of the surface (the bottom of the bellows) by measuring the movement of the reflected beam, a position-sensitive detector is used, which is located in a remote controller. In this device for the intrinsic safety problem solution, optical inputs of a fiber optic flat cable are located in the active zone of the sensor, which is connected to the optical inputs of a position-sensitive detector, operated on the principles of photoelectric effect. The light spot moving along the sensitive zone and converted by the detector into a one-dimensional signal proportional to the distance to the object. hydrostatically applies pressure over the entire effective area of the measuring

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