scholarly journals CAN THE OPTIMAL TARIFF BE ZERO FOR A GROWING LARGE COUNTRY?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Naito
Keyword(s):  
Large Country ◽  
Optimal Tariff

The Finnish Communist Party and neutrality

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-288
Author(s):  
John H. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Large Country ◽  
The One

In the summer of 1917, while under the protective wing of Finnish socialists, including Kustaa Rovio – chief of the Helsinki police force and later first secretary of the Communist Party apparatus in the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic – Lenin completed his treatise State and Revolution, rejecting with vehemence the notion that a capitalist nation could be transformed without violence into a higher form of society. The one possible exception was a small country sharing a common frontier with a large country which had already successfully undergone the transition.

Regulatory Schemes on Public Transport

2017 ◽  
Vol 2649 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Huerta ◽  
Patricia Galilea
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Private Initiative ◽  
Route Design ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Innovative Capabilities ◽  
Urban Bus ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Optimal Tariff

Regulatory schemes have remained an open question about the implementation of an urban bus system. Because of the introduction of a higher private initiative within these systems, the expectation of increased patronage has not been met. Hence, studying the effect of regulation on innovation becomes the first objective of this research because innovative solutions may help to attract users. To fulfill that objective, an analysis of innovative capabilities was carried out. The aim was to understand the gap between potential and practical innovation on the authorities and operators. The second objective was to use theoretical modeling to find the effect of payment schemes on frequency and bus size. Both analyses used as a case study the experience of Transantiago in Santiago, Chile. Innovation proved to be dependent on the regulatory scheme in which an operation was framed. Both authorities and operators showed the existence of innovative capabilities dependent on the perceived incentives. Trusting cooperation was an aspect that might have encouraged some types of innovation, such as route design. Analytical solutions showed that as in the experience of Transantiago, supply-based payments provided higher frequency and smaller bus size than fixed payments. Finally, an optimal tariff gave incentives to the operators to provide socially optimal levels of frequency and bus size for a certain demand level.

scholarly journals Quantifying the under-estimation of cervical Cancer in remote regions of Tanzania

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariah P. Gesink ◽  
Robert M. Chamberlain ◽  
Julius Mwaiselage ◽  
Crispin Kahesa ◽  
Kahima Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Radiotherapy Treatment

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in Sub-Saharan countries, including Tanzania. While early detection and diagnosis are available in some parts of this large country, radiotherapy has been only available at the Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI), in the capital city of Dar es Salaam and is just starting in a few regions. Methods The objective of this study was to compare the observed incidence of cervical cancer for the two remote regions of Mwanza in western Tanzania and Mbeya in southern Tanzania, based on their patients treated at the ORCI from 2011 to 2014. Results: The number patients referred and treated at ORCI were (120 from Mwanza, and 171 from Mbeya, representing 24.6 and 32.8% of the patients histopathologically confirmed in the two sites, respectively. The results showed significant underestimation of cervical cancer in the two regions. The vast majority of patients who were histopathologically-confirmed in their local regions (73.92% from Mwanza and 65.1% from Mbeya), but did not receive the needed radiotherapy treatment at the ORCI. The estimated incidence for the two regions based on the number of patients treated at the ORCI were underestimated by 53.9% for Mwanza and 68.9% for Mbeya. Conclusions Local establishment of radiotherapy treatment facilities in remote regions in Tanzania and similar other low-income countries is essential for providing effective treatment and improving survival of diagnosed cervical cancer patients. Linkage between the records of local remote hospitals and the main cancer treatment center in the capital city can also help support the emerging the population-based cancer registry at ORCI.

scholarly journals Pilgrimage Tourism: A Study on Palani Temple, Tamil Nadu

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
C Aruljothi ◽  
S Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
June July ◽  
Pilgrimage Tourism

India is a large country with great traditions, culture, and civilization. India has 4000 years of fertile civilized life with planned cities, monumental temples, mosques and churches,  palaces,  sculptures,  paintings  and  various artistic creations. These scenic beauties have made India one of the most famous tourist destinations in the world. The Tourism potential of any country mainly depends on its climate, scenery, historical monuments, arts, tradition, festivals  and  the  society.  If  any  place  or  area  or  spot possesses all these characters and potentials, we may call it  as  a  tourist  centre  or  pilgrim  centre.  Tamil  Nadu,  a southern State of India, is a land of charm with ancient traditions;  the  picturesque  land  of  Tamil  Nadu  has towering temples  with  magnificent  architecture  and sculptures,  art  galleries  and  heterogeneous  natural beauty, existing on the hills and mountains. Tamil Nadu is flooded with different cultural, spiritual and religious centres  like  Madurai,  Rameswaram,  Kanyakumari, Tanjavur,  Kumbakonam,  Trichy,  Kancheepuram, Chidambaram,  Tiruvannamalai  and  Palani.  Religious institutions like temples in Tamil Nadu have been playing a  multifaceted  role in  religious,  social,  economic  and cultural life of the Tamil community. Moreover, temples are  considered  as producers,  land  owners,  trustees,employers,  pilgrim  centres  and  institutions.    There  are studies  conducted  in  cultural  and  spiritual tourism centres, which focus on heritage, culture and the historical aspects.  But  studies  that  focus  on  economic  aspects  of such  centres  are  scanty.  With  this  background,  the authors have made an attempt to study the memories and reminiscence  of  150  Pilgrimage  tourists,  who  visited Palani Temple; one of the Six abodes  of Lord Muruga located in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, with an objective  of  examining  the  social and  economic characteristics  of the pilgrimage  tourists;  and  identify their major problems and suggest ways and means for promoting  pilgrimage  tourism  in  Palani.  The  Primary data has been collected through interview schedules. The interview  schedule  was  pre-tested,  modified and  well- structured, and was used for obtaining information and data from the cultural-spiritual tourists, who are visiting the Palani temple. Secondary data in connection with the Palani temple were also gathered from the office of the Commissioner, Palani temple. Further, the authors have collected  data  and  information  from  150  tourists  who visited  the  Palani  temple  during  June-July  2011.  The tourists  were purposively selected in different spots in and  around the Palani  temple.  For  the  purpose  of analyzing the data, simple tools like ratio, percentage and average were used

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