scholarly journals Ageing is associated with brown adipose tissue remodelling and loss of white fat browning in female C57BL/6 mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leidyanne Ferreira Gonçalves ◽  
Thaissa Queiroz Machado ◽  
Camila Castro-Pinheiro ◽  
Nathalia Guimaraes de Souza ◽  
Karen Jesus Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
White Fat

scholarly journals Brown adipose tissue remodelling induced by corticosterone in male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felippe Mousovich‐Neto ◽  
Marina Souza Matos ◽  
Anna Carolina Rego Costa ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Melo Reis ◽  
Georgia Correa Atella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Evolution of brown fat: its absence in marsupials and monotremes

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Hayward ◽  
Paul A. Lisson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
White Adipocyte ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Electron And Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
White Fat ◽  
Adipocyte Development

Species from all extant families of marsupials and monotremes were examined to clarify whether these mammalian subclasses possess brown adipose tissue. To optimize the chance of finding this tissue, special emphasis was given to sampling species adapted to colder regions, species with small adult body size, and individuals at a stage of development equivalent to the newborn stage of placentals (late pouch life in the case of marsupials). Evidence based on gross morphology and light, electron, and fluorescence microscopy failed to show the presence of brown adipose tissue in any marsupial or monotreme. All adipose tissue was typical white fat, including special instances where multilocularity of lipid droplets occurred in association with white adipocyte development or with fat mobilization resulting from nutritional or cold stress. These results, combined with lack of positive identification of brown adipose tissue in birds or other vertebrates, indicate that brown adipose tissue is unique to eutherian (placental) mammals and probably evolved early in the radiation of this subclass. This uniqueness presents the opportunity to suggest a more satisfactory name for the subclass: Thermolipia (from the Greek for "warm fat") or, commonly, thermolipials.

scholarly journals White, beige and brown adipose tissue: structure, function, specific features and possibility formation and divergence in pigs

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Irina Chernukha ◽  
Liliya Fedulova ◽  
Elena Kotenkova
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Beige Fat ◽  
White Fat ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Traditionally, mammalian adipose tissue is divided into white (white adipose tissue – WAT) and brown (brown adipose tissue – BAT). While the functions of WAT are well known as the triglyceride depot, the role of BAT in mammalian physiology has been under close investigation. The first description of the role of BAT in maintaining thermogenesis dates back to 1961. This article offers a review of structural and functional specificity of white, beige and brown adipose tissue. Results and discussion. The differences and descriptions of adipocytes and their impact on the maintenance of the main functions of the mammalian body are described in this manuscript. In particular, thermogenesis, stress response, obesity, type II diabetes. In addition to WAT and BAT, an intermediate form was also detected in the body – beige fat (BeAT or Brite). The opposite opinions regarding the presence of three types of adipose tissue in the human and animal bodies are presented. Studies on the identification of uncoupling proteins 1 and 3 and their role in the transformation of white fat into beige/brown are considered. Basically, the data on the factors of endogenous and exogenous nature on their formation are given on the example of the human body. Conclusion. With an abundance of publications on the keywords: “white, brown fat”, these studies, in the overwhelming majority, are devoted to the role of these fats in the formation of human thermogenesis, the assessment of the impact on obesity. Pigs have also been suggested to lack functional BAT, which is a major cause of neonatal death in the swine industry, therefore the focus on investigating role of different types of adipose tissue in pigs seems very promising in order to understand whether there is a compensating mechanism of thermogenesis.

1984-P: Optic Atrophy 1 Deletion in Brown Adipose Tissue Induces Browning of White Fat by Inducing FGF-21

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1984-P
Author(s):  
RENATA PEREIRA ALAMBERT ◽  
SATYA MURTHY TADINADA ◽  
E. DALE ABEL
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Optic Atrophy ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
White Fat

ADIPOGENESIS FEATURES OF WHITE, BEIGE AND BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
E. Kotenkova
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Different Types ◽  
White Fat

White and brown adipose tissue is present in the human body and is well described. As well as the effect of the type of fat on human health, in particular obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin tolerance. The presence and distribution of different types of fat in pigs has not been adequately described. As well as the factors contributing to the "browning" of white fat and the ability to influence this process in pigs.

Hormone-sensitive lipase in brown adipose tissue: Identification and effect of cold exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Holm ◽  
Gudrun Fredrikson ◽  
Barbara Cannon ◽  
Per Belfrage
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Tissue Identification ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
White Fat

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in brown adipose tissue from mice was identified through immunoprecipitation with a polyclonal antibody (anti-HSL) towards rat white fat HSL and Western blotting. An 82 kDa polypeptide, slightly smaller than the rat white fat HSL 84 kDa subunit, was detected and its identity as HSL verified by inhibition properties. The HSL concentration per g tissue was several-fold higher in the mouse brown adipose tissue than in the rat white adipose tissue, but the specific activities per mg protein were similar. Cold-exposure (4°C of the mice for 24 h approximately doubled the HSL concentration but this increase parallelled the overall protein increase and did not reflect a specific effect on the HSL.

scholarly journals Brown Adipose YY1 Deficiency Activates Expression of Secreted Proteins Linked to Energy Expenditure and Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity

2015 ◽  
pp. MCB.00722-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Verdeguer ◽  
Meghan S. Soustek ◽  
Maximilian Hatting ◽  
Sharon M. Blättler ◽  
Devin McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
White Fat

Mitochondrial oxidative and thermogenic function in brown and beige adipose tissues modulate rates of energy expenditure. It is unclear, however, how beige or white adipose tissue contributes to brown fat thermogenic function or compensate for partial deficiencies in this tissue and protect against obesity. Here, we show that the transcription factor YY1 in brown adipose tissue activates the canonical thermogenic and uncoupling gene expression program. In contrast, YY1 represses a series of secreted proteins including FGF21, BMP8b, GDF15, Angptl6, Neuromedin B and Nesfatin linked to energy expenditure. Despite substantial decreases in mitochondrial thermogenic proteins in brown fat, mice lacking YY1 in this tissue are strongly protected against diet-induced obesity, exhibit increased energy expenditure and oxygen consumption in beige and white fat depots. The increased expression of secreted proteins correlates with elevation of energy expenditure and promotion of beige and white fat activation. These results indicate that YY1 in brown adipose tissue controls antagonistic gene expression programs associated with energy balance and maintenance of body weight.

Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of CL316,243, a highly specific β3-adrenoceptor agonist, in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats: induction of uncoupling protein and activation of glucose transporter 4 in white fat

1997 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsunekazu Umekawa ◽  
Toshihide Yoshida ◽  
Naoki Sakane ◽  
Masayuki Saito ◽  
Kenzo Kumamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Glucose Transporter 4 ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
White Fat

Abstract The anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of a highly specific β3-adrenoceptor agonist, CL316.243 (CL; β1:β2:β3=0:1:100 000), were investigated in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (fatty) and LongEvans Tokushima Otsuka (control) rats. Daily injection of CL (0·1 mg/kg, s.c.) to these rats (10 weeks old) for 14 weeks caused a significant reduction in body weight (fatty, 27% control, 15%), associated with a marked decrease in fat pad weight (inguinal: fatty, 60%; control, 36%; retroperitoneal: fatty, 75%; control, 77%) without affecting food intake. The levels of uncoupling protein mRNA and protein levels of uncoupling protein (UCP), as well as guanosine 5′-diphosphate-binding (a reliable index of thermogenesis) in brown adipose tissue, were lower in the fatty than in the control rats. However, after CL treatment, these parameters in brown adipose tissue increased significantly 2- to 3-fold in both groups. Furthermore, uncoupling protein was induced in white adipose tissue as well as in brown adipose tissue. The fatty rats showed hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia during the glucose tolerance test, but CL ameliorated these parameters. These findings suggest that decreased thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue may be one of the causes of obesity in the fatty rats and that administration of CL prevents obesity by decreasing white fat mass, by activating brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and by inducing uncoupling protein in white adipose tissue. Furthermore, CL treatment may inhibit diabetes mellitus by ameliorating obesity and by activating glucose transporter 4 in white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. European Journal of Endocrinology 136 429–437

scholarly journals New insights into the secretory functions of brown adipose tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. R19-R27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Villarroya ◽  
Rubén Cereijo ◽  
Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro ◽  
Marion Peyrou ◽  
Marta Giralt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Brown Adipose

In recent years, an important secretory role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged, which is consistent, to some extent, with the earlier recognition of the important secretory role of white fat. The so-called brown adipokines or ‘batokines’ may play an autocrine role, which may either be positive or negative, in the thermogenic function of brown adipocytes. Additionally, there is a growing recognition of the signalling molecules released by brown adipocytes that target sympathetic nerve endings (such as neuregulin-4 and S100b protein), vascular cells (e.g., bone morphogenetic protein-8b), and immune cells (e.g., C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-14) to promote the tissue remodelling associated with the adaptive BAT recruitment in response to thermogenic stimuli. Moreover, existing indications of an endocrine role of BAT are being confirmed through the release of brown adipokines acting on other distant tissues and organs; a recent example is the recognition that BAT-secreted fibroblast growth factor-21 and myostatin target the heart and skeletal muscle, respectively. The application of proteomics technologies is aiding the identification of new members of the brown adipocyte secretome, such as the extracellular matrix or complement system components. In summary, BAT can no longer be considered a mere producer of heat in response to environment or dietary challenges; it is also an active secretory tissue releasing brown adipokines with a relevant local and systemic action. The identification of the major brown adipokines and their roles is highly important for the discovery of novel candidates useful in formulating intervention strategies for metabolic diseases.

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