Effects of water activity and low molecular weight humectants on skin permeability and hydration dynamics - a double-blind, randomized and controlled study

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Albèr ◽  
I. Buraczewska-Norin ◽  
V. Kocherbitov ◽  
S. Saleem ◽  
M. Lodén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hydration Dynamics

Effects of Standard Heparin and a Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Kabi 2165) on Fibrinolysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 311-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Agnelli ◽  
Judocus Borm ◽  
Benilde Cosmi ◽  
Marcel Levi ◽  
Jan Wouter ten Cate
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
Sustained Increase

SummaryPrevious and recent reports have suggested a fibrinolysisenhancing property of standard heparin and low molecular weight heparins, but these observations have never been confirmed in a study fulfilling appropriate methodological criteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of standard heparin and a low molecular weight heparin (Kabi 2165) on fibrinolysis in a randomized cross-over double blind placebo controlled study. Six healthy volunteers received intravenously a bolus dose of the following treatments: placebo; standard heparin, 5,000 I.U.; Kabi 2165, 5,000 anti-Xa U; Kabi 2165,10,000 anti-Xa U. Before the injection and at established times thereafter, blood samples were collected for the following assays in plasma: t-PA activity, PA inhibitor activity, fibrin plate lysis area (FPLA), plasminogen, α2-antiplasmin, fibrinogen and anti-Xa activity. Placebo and Kabi 2165, 5,000 anti-Xa U, had no effect on t-PA plasma level. Standard heparin and Kabi 2165, 10,000 anti-Xa U, produced a statistically significant increase in t-PA level at 1 hour after the infusion. This increase lasted for at least 1 hour after the infusion. No effect of any treatment on PA inhibitor, plasminogen, FLPA, α2-antiplasmin and fibrinogen was observed. We conclude that an intravenous bolus dose of both standard heparin, 5,000 I.U. and Kabi 2165, 10,000 anti-Xa U produces a delayed and sustained increase in plasma t-PA.

EFFECTS OF STANDARD HEPARIN AND A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN (KABI 2165) ON PLASMA LEVEL OF t-PA AND PA INHIBITOR

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Agnelli ◽  
J Born ◽  
I Cosmi ◽  
M Levi ◽  
J W ten Cate
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sustained Increase

Previous and recent reports have suggested a fibrinolysis-enhancing property of standard heparin (SH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) but these observations have never been confirmed in a clinical study fulfilling appropriate methodological criteria.Aim of this study was to evaluate in a cross-over double blind placebo-controlled study the effect of SH and LMWH (K 2165) on fibrinolysis. Six healthy volunteers (age 22-30) received a bolus dose of the following treatments: l)Placebo, 2)Kabi SH,5000 I.U., 3) Kabi 2165,5000 anti Xa U, 4)Kabi 2165, 10000 anti Xa U. A 4 day wash-out period was adopted.The volunteers had been fasting for at least 12 hours before the infusion and were sitting during the experiment.Before starting the infusion and at 1,2,5,10,15,30,60,120 minutes thereafter, blood samples were collected for the assay of t-PA activity, PA inhibitor activity, plasminogen, alfa2-antiplasmin, fibrinplate lysis area (FPLA), fibrinogen, aPTT, antithrombin III and anti-Xa activity. Placebo and Kabi 2165,5000 U had no effect on t-PA plasma level, however both SH and Kabi 2165,10000 U produced a statistically significant increase of t-PA level at 1 hour after the infusion. The t-PA increase lasted for at least 2 hours after the infusion; at that time the average t-PA activity was 0.14 U/ml for SH and 0.09 U/ml for Kabi 2165,10000 U (p<0.05, AN0VA,average pre-infusion level and placebo at 2 hours:0.01 U/ml).At that time plasma anti-Xa was 0.11 U/ml for SH and 1.05 U/ml for Kabi 2165,10000 U. SH and Kabi,10000 produced no effect on PA inhibitor.No effect of any treatment on fibrinogen,alfa2-antiplasmin,plasminogen, FPLA and antithrombin III was observed. We conclude that in this study both SH and Kabi 2165 produced a delayed and sustained increase of t-PA. The relevance of this effect remains to be established.

Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Safety Study of a Low Molecular Weight Heparinoid in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of the Prostate

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (01) ◽  
pp. 092-096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo ten Cate ◽  
Ch Pieter Henny ◽  
Jan W ten Cate ◽  
Harry R Büller ◽  
Nosjir F Dabhoiwala
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Postoperative Blood Loss ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryIn preparation for an efficacy study, the effect of the low molecular weight heparinoid Org 10172 on postoperative blood loss was assessed in a randomized double-blind, placebo controlled study in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Org 10172 and placebo were given twice daily as i.v. injection for three postoperative days starting one hour preoperatively. Three doses of Org 10172 (800, 1600, and 2400 anti-Xa units b.d.) were evaluated against placebo in three consecutive patient blocks respectively. Each block consisted of 20 patients, 15 receiving Org 10172 and 5 patients placebo. The study was discontinued after 9 patients of the third block had completed the protocol because of excessive urinary blood loss. Data analysis showed a dose-dependent increase in postoperative haemoglobin loss, this was not significant for the 800 anti-Xa units b. d. dosage but was significant in those patients treated with 1600 (p <0.05) and 2400 anti-Xa units b.d. (p <0.01).It was concluded that the heparinoid Org 10172 caused a dose dependent increase in urinary blood loss following TURP.

A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE BLIND STUDY OF A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN (KABI 2165) ONCE DAILY AND LOW DOSE STANDARD HEPARIN TWICE DAILY, IN THE PREVENTION OF POST OPERATIVE DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS IN GENERAL SURGERY. A French Multicenter Trial

1987 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

The efficacy and safety of a low molecular weight heparin (Kabi 2165) in preventing postoperative deep vein thrombosis (D.V.T.), was assessed in a double blind randomly allocated multicenter trial. 385 patients were included and analysed on a intention to treat basis. Kabi 2165 was given S.C. 24 hourly in 2 500 anti-factor Xa units and compared with standard low dose calcium heparin 5 000 i.u. S.C. 12 hourly in patients undergoing major abdominal or gynaecological surgery. The first dose was administered two hours before operation in both groups. The relevant characteristics of the patients in the two treatment groups were similar. The two groups were well matched for risk factors which could predispose to D.V.T.DVT was detected by the radioactive fibrinogen test. Venography was performed whenever a positive scan developed in a patient. Six (3,1 96) of 195 patients receiving Kabi 2165 and seven (3,7 96) of 190 patients in the standard heparin group developed D.V.T. No pulmonary embolism we re detected during the prophylactic regimens. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of blood loss during surgery, postoperative drainage, blood transfusion, wound haematoma. Mean hemoglobin levels and mean hematocrit values preoperatively and postoperatively (day 1 and 6) were :There were no statistically significant differences in both groups. No thrombocytopenia was reported in this study. The antifactor Xa activity was significantly higher in the Kabi 2165 group.In conclusion, Kabi 2165 once daily is as effective and safe as standard heparin twice daily in preventing postoperative D.V.T. in general surgery.

Thromboprophylaxis by low-molecular-weight heparin in elective hip surgery. A placebo controlled study

1991 ◽  
Vol 73-B (3) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Torholm ◽  
L Broeng ◽  
PS Jorgensen ◽  
P Bjerregaard ◽  
L Josephsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Hip Surgery ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

No effect of enoxaparin on outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

2003 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari Siironen ◽  
Seppo Juvela ◽  
Joona Varis ◽  
Matti Porras ◽  
Kristiina Poussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Bleeding ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. From the moment an intracranial aneurysm ruptures, cerebral blood flow is impaired, and this impairment mainly determines the outcome in patients who survive after the initial bleeding. The exact mechanism of impairment is unknown, but activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis correlate with clinical condition and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of this study was to determine whether enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, which is a well-known anticoagulating agent, has any effect on the outcome of aneurysmal SAH postoperatively. Methods. In this randomized, double-blind, single-center clinical trial, 170 patients (85 per group) with aneurysmal SAH were randomly assigned to receive either enoxaparin (40 mg subcutaneously once daily) or a placebo, starting within 24 hours after occlusion of the aneurysm and continuing for 10 days. Analysis was done on an intention-to-treat basis. Outcome was assessed at 3 months on both the Glasgow Outcome and modified Rankin Scales. Patients were eligible for the study if surgery was performed within 48 hours post-SAH, and no intracerebral hemorrhage was larger than 20 mm in diameter on the first postoperative computerized tomography scan. At 3 months, there were no significant differences in outcome by treatment group. Of the 170 patients, 11 (6%) died, and only 95 (56%) had a good outcome. Principal causes of unfavorable outcome were poor initial condition, delayed cerebral ischemia, and surgical complications. There were four patients with additional intracranial bleeding in the group receiving enoxaparin. The bleeding was not necessarily associated with the treatment itself, nor did it require treatment, and there were no such patients in the placebo group. Conclusions. Enoxaparin seemed to have no effect on the outcome of aneurysmal SAH in patients who had already received routine nimodipine and who had received triple-H therapy when needed. Routine use of low-molecular-weight heparin should be avoided during the early postoperative period in patients with SAH, because this agent seems to increase intracranial bleeding complications slightly, with no beneficial effect on neurological outcome.

scholarly journals SPREADING PROPERTY OF AZOPROTEINS IN THE DERMIS

1935 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Claude
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Molecule ◽  
Azo Compounds ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Aromatic Derivative ◽  
Azo Group ◽  
Spreading Property

1. Azoproteins are shown to have the property of spreading when introduced intradermally into the rabbit skin. 2. The aromatic derivative selected for the coupling does not affect specifically the spreading property of the azoprotein. Likewise, the type of protein has no importance, except in quantitative respects. 3. The spreading property conferred upon a protein by coupling appears to derive from the presence of the azo group. 4. The spreading power of an azoprotein preparation seems to be determined by the number of diazo groups which enter the protein molecule, and to vary in direct proportion with the concentration of the solution. 5. Azo compounds of low molecular weight fail to exhibit any significant effect on skin permeability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document