scholarly journals Prediction of future cardiovascular events by Framingham, SCORE and asCVD risk scores is less accurate in HIV‐positive individuals from the HIV‐HEART Study compared with the general population

HIV Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C‐A Schulz ◽  
L Mavarani ◽  
N Reinsch ◽  
S Albayrak‐Rena ◽  
A Potthoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Framingham Score ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Ascvd Risk

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Scores in Axial Spondyloarthritis Versus the General Population: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.200188
Author(s):  
Jean W. Liew ◽  
John D. Reveille ◽  
Maria Castillo ◽  
Henna Sawhney ◽  
Benjamin S. Naovarat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ascvd Risk

Objective Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality are increased in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in axSpA compared to the general US population. Methods We included 211 adults, 40–75 years old with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or nonradiographic axSpA from 2 sites, who had available data on comorbidities, medication use, blood pressure measures, and laboratory cholesterol values. General population comparators from the 2009–2014 National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles were matched 4:1 to subjects, on age, sex, and race. We estimated the prevalence ratio for a 10-year ASCVD risk score ≥ 7.5% comparing axSpA and matched NHANES comparators using conditional Poisson regression. Results Overall, subjects were 53.9 ± 11.2 years old, 69% were male, and 74% were White. The mean 10-year ASCVD risk score was 6.7 ± 6.9% for those with axSpA, and 9.0 ± 10.5% for NHANES comparators. Compared to those with axSpA, the prevalence of current smoking and diabetes was higher among NHANES comparators. The estimated prevalence ratio for a 10-year ASCVD risk score ≥ 7.5% comparing those with axSpA and their age-, sex-, and race-matched comparators was 0.96 (95% CI 0.74–1.24). Conclusion The prevalence of a 10-year ASCVD risk score ≥ 7.5% was not significantly different comparing axSpA patients and those drawn from the general population who were similar in terms of age, sex, and race. Future studies should focus on improved CV risk prediction in axSpA, because underestimation by a general population risk score may potentially explain these results.

Incidence of cardiovascular events in HIV-positive patients compared to general population over the last decade: a population-based study from 2000 to 2012

AIDS Care ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1551-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Quiros-Roldan ◽  
Elena Raffetti ◽  
Emanuele Focà ◽  
Nigritella Brianese ◽  
Alice Ferraresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Population Based Study

Abstract 19648: Amino-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Improves Risk Stratification in Asymptomatic Individuals at Very High Risk of Future Cardiovascular Events

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna P Pilbrow ◽  
Chris M Frampton ◽  
A M Richards ◽  
Richard W Troughton ◽  
Vicky A Cameron
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Very High

Background: In the general population, screening for risk of future cardiovascular events is performed using established risk scores based on traditional risk factors. Previous studies suggest that amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) may provide additional prognostic information on incident cardiovascular events in the general population. Aim: This study investigated whether NT-proBNP could improve risk prediction among asymptomatic individuals with a very high risk of future cardiovascular events (Framingham risk score ≥30%). Methods: Middle-age and older participants with no history of cardiovascular disease or heart failure were recruited from the general population (n=1244, mean age 64.9±10.2 years, 69% male). Fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular events were recorded over 5 years follow-up. Associations between plasma NT-proBNP at baseline, Framingham risk score and cardiovascular events were tested with Cox regression and log-rank tests. Results: A total of 194 (16%) participants experienced a fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular event within 5 years. For all participants, higher levels of NT-proBNP were strongly associated with fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular events (event rates for NT-proBNP tertiles: 6%, 13%, 27% log-rank p<0.001). This association was independent of the Framingham risk score (p<0.001). The majority of events (117 events, 60%) occurred among participants with a Framingham risk score ≥30% (380 participants), among whom NT-proBNP conferred an even greater prognostic advantage: those with the highest NT-proBNP levels were at markedly increased risk (event rates for NT-proBNP tertiles: 17%, 28%, 38%, log-rank p=0.006, Figure 1). Conclusions: These data suggest that plasma NT-proBNP may significantly improve risk stratification among asymptomatic individuals of middle-older age identified as having a very high risk of future cardiovascular events according to established risk scores.

scholarly journals Exogenous female sex steroid hormones and risk of asthma and asthma-like symptoms: a cross sectional study of the general population

Thorax ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 613-616
Author(s):  
P Lange ◽  
J Parner ◽  
E Prescott ◽  
C Suppli Ulrik ◽  
J Vestbo
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Medication ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Prescription Practice

BACKGROUNDRecent evidence suggests a role for hormonal factors in the aetiology of asthma.METHODSData from a large study of women selected from the general population were used to relate treatment with oral hormonal contraceptives (OCP) and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to the following asthma indicators: self-reported asthma, wheezing, cough at exertion, and use of medication for asthma. The study sample comprised 1536 premenopausal and 3016 postmenopausal women who participated in the third round of the Copenhagen City Heart Study in 1991–4. A total of 377 women were taking OCP (24.5% of premenopausal women) and 458 were on HRT (15.2% of postmenopausal women).RESULTSIn premenopausal women 4.8% reported having asthma. The prevalence of self-reported asthma, wheeze, use of asthma medication, and cough at exertion was not significantly related to use of OCP. In postmenopausal women the prevalence of self-reported asthma was 6.2%. A weak but consistent association was observed between HRT and self-reported asthma (OR 1.42 (95% CI 0.95 to 2.12)), wheeze (OR 1.29 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.64)), cough at exertion (OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.77)), and use of asthma medication (OR 1.45 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.18)).CONCLUSIONSIn this study of the general population no relationship was found between the use of OCP and asthma. Although an association was observed between HRT and asthma and asthma-like symptoms, this was relatively weak and it is concluded that there is no necessity to change present prescription practice.

scholarly journals Protease Inhibitor-Associated Dyslipidemia in HIV-Infected Patients Is Strongly Influenced by the APOA5–1131T→C Gene Variation

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1914-1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montse Guardiola ◽  
Raimon Ferré ◽  
Juliana Salazar ◽  
Carlos Alonso-Villaverde ◽  
Blai Coll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Gene Variation ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Apoa5 Gene

Abstract Background: Hyperlipidemia associated with the protease inhibitor (PI) component of highly active antiretrovial treatment can lead to accelerated atherosclerosis. The apolipoprotein A-V (APOA5) gene, which affects VLDL production and lipolysis, may play a role in PI-induced hyperlipidemia, particularly in individuals with the APOA5–1131T→C genotype. Methods: We measured lipoprotein changes in HIV-positive patients (n = 229) who had been followed for 5 years. For statistical analyses, we segregated the patients with respect to PI treatment and APOA5–1131T→C genotype. Results: The frequency of the C allele was 0.08, similar to that in the general population. We found a strong effect of the APOA5–1131T→C genotype among patients receiving PIs. Carriers of the C allele had consistently increased mean (SD) triglyceride concentrations compared with noncarriers after 1 year [2.11 (1.62) vs 3.71 (4.27) mmol/L; P = 0.009], 2 years [2.48 (2.09) vs 4.02 (4.05) mmol/L, P = 0.050], 3 years [2.32 (1.71) vs 4.13 (4.26) mmol/L; P = 0.013], 4 years [2.90 (2.95) vs 5.35 (7.12) mmol/L; P was not significant], and 5 years [4.25 (5.58) vs 9.23 (9.63) mmol/L; P was not significant]. We observed the same effect on total cholesterol concentrations: after 1 year [4.93 (1.31) vs 5.87 (1.66) mmol/L; P = 0.006], 2 years [5.03 (1.12) vs 6.42 (2.48) mmol/L; P = 0.001], 3 years [5.11 (1.17) vs 6.38 (2.43) mmol/L; P = 0.009], 4 years [5.49 (1.71) vs 6.78 (3.03) mmol/L; P was not significant], and 5 years [5.56 (1.75) vs 7.90 (3.60) mmol/L; P was not significant]. HDL cholesterol showed a progressive reduction, leading to a considerably higher cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio after 3 years. Conclusion: Variability in the APOA5 gene predisposes patients with HIV, particularly those treated with PI, to severe hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals Incremental changes in QRS duration as predictor for cardiovascular disease: a 21-year follow-up of a randomly selected general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Chen ◽  
Per-Olof Hansson ◽  
Erik Thunström ◽  
Zacharias Mandalenakis ◽  
Kenneth Caidahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe QRS complex has been shown to be a prognostic marker in coronary artery disease. However, the changes in QRS duration over time, and its predictive value for cardiovascular disease in the general population is poorly studied. So we aimed to explore if increased QRS duration from the age of 50–60 is associated with increased risk of major cardiovascular events during a further follow-up to age 71. A random population sample of 798 men born in 1943 were examined in 1993 at 50 years of age, and re-examined in 2003 at age 60 and 2014 at age 71. Participants who developed cardiovascular disease before the re-examination in 2003 (n = 86) or missing value of QRS duration in 2003 (n = 127) were excluded. ΔQRS was defined as increase in QRS duration from age 50 to 60. Participants were divided into three groups: group 1: ΔQRS < 4 ms, group 2: 4 ms ≤ ΔQRS < 8 ms, group 3: ΔQRS ≥ 8 ms. Endpoints were major cardiovascular events. And we found compared with men in group 1 (ΔQRS < 4 ms), men with ΔQRS ≥ 8 ms had a 56% increased risk of MACE during follow-up to 71 years of age after adjusted for BMI, systolic blood pressure, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and heart rate in a multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR 1.56, 95% CI:1.07–2.27, P = 0.022). In conclusion, in this longitudinal follow-up over a decade QRS duration increased in almost two out of three men between age 50 and 60 and the increased QRS duration in middle age is an independent predictor of major cardiovascular events.

328 Insomnia in older HIV patients: a systematic review

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A131-A131
Author(s):  
Igor Freire ◽  
Miguel Meira e Cruz ◽  
Cristina Salles
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sleep Difficulty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Abstract Introduction Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in elderly. Although the HIV-positive population have a similar life expectancy when compared to the general population, some factors may interact with immunity conditions and therefore contribute to a worse prognosis. Little is known however, about the frequency of insomnia in older HIV-positive patients. OBJECTIVE: To systematic review the prevalence of insomnia in older HIV-positive patients. Methods Systematic Review. Several databases were consulted (MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, and VHL) and manual searches were performed. The terms used for the search were related to prevalence, HIV, insomnia, and advanced age. The inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional, cohort, and longitudinal studies. The accepted data were in patients with the previous diagnosis of HIV in advanced age, those over 50 years; studies that report the frequency of insomnia or insomnia symptoms (accepted symptoms: difficulty in starting sleep, difficulty in maintaining sleep, multiple awakenings during sleep and early awakening). The criteria for exclusion were: clinical trials, animal studies, letters, abstracts, conference proceedings, studies with other sleep scales that did not include insomnia. Results There were 2805 publications found in the database and a further 10 articles were included manually. Of this total, four were included in this review, resulting in a total of 2,227 participants. The prevalence of insomnia in HIV-positive patients over 50 years varied from 12.5% to 76.5%. Conclusion The frequency of insomnia was higher in the profile of the population studied than in the general population. This should be clinically relevant in order to adequately treat and impact on the prognosis of those patient. Support (if any):

scholarly journals A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Coignard ◽  
◽  
Michael Lush ◽  
Jonathan Beesley ◽  
Tracy A. O’Mara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Brca2 Mutation ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Genetic Modifiers ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Brca1 Brca2

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers varies by genetic and familial factors. About 50 common variants have been shown to modify BC risk for mutation carriers. All but three, were identified in general population studies. Other mutation carrier-specific susceptibility variants may exist but studies of mutation carriers have so far been underpowered. We conduct a novel case-only genome-wide association study comparing genotype frequencies between 60,212 general population BC cases and 13,007 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We identify robust novel associations for 2 variants with BC for BRCA1 and 3 for BRCA2 mutation carriers, P < 10−8, at 5 loci, which are not associated with risk in the general population. They include rs60882887 at 11p11.2 where MADD, SP11 and EIF1, genes previously implicated in BC biology, are predicted as potential targets. These findings will contribute towards customising BC polygenic risk scores for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

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