Estimated cost per HIV infection diagnosed through routine HIV testing offered in acute general medical admission units and general practice settings in England

HIV Medicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Ong ◽  
AC Thornton ◽  
M Fisher ◽  
R Hutt ◽  
S Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Medical Admission ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV Infection in Those Who Decline HIV Screening in an Urban Emergency Department

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Czarnogorski ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
V. Lee ◽  
J. Oben ◽  
I. Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Routine Hiv Screening ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
Urban Emergency Department

Objective. To determine the prevalence of occult HIV infection in patients who decline routine HIV testing in an urban emergency department.Design, Setting, and Patients. Discarded blood samples were obtained from patients who had declined routine ED HIV testing. After insuring that the samples came from patients not known to be HIV positive, they were deidentified, and rapid HIV testing was preformed using 5 μL of whole blood.Main Outcome Measures. The prevalence of occult HIV infection in those who declined testing compared with prevalence in those who accepted testing.Results. 600 consecutive samples of patients who declined routine HIV screening were screened for HIV. Twelve (2%) were reactive. Over the same period of time, 4845 patients accepted routine HIV testing. Of these, 35 (0.7%) were reactive. The difference in the prevalence of HIV infection between those who declined and those who accepted testing was significant (). The relative risk of undetected HIV infection in the group that declined testing was 2.74 times higher (95% CI 1.44–5.18) compared with those accepted testing.Conclusion. The rate of occult HIV infection is nearly three-times higher in those who decline routine ED HIV testing compared with those who accept such testing. Interventions are urgently needed to decrease the opt-out rate in routine ED HIV testing settings.

scholarly journals Routine HIV Testing in Jails Is Critical for the Early Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Men

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1366-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Flanigan ◽  
Curt G. Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing

Facilitators, Barriers, and Outcomes of Self-Initiated HIV Testing: An Integrative Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwamuyiwa Winifred Adebayo ◽  
John P. Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
Ebsco Host

Background and PurposeHIV testing is an essential tool for identifying people at risk for HIV infection and linking those who are infected to care. Despite the recommendation for routine HIV testing for people who are vulnerable to HIV infection, healthcare professionals experience difficulties initiating discussions related to sexual health and recommending HIV testing. Healthcare professionals not offering HIV testing is a frequently reported reason for delays in testing. Self-initiated HIV testing is understudied and vital to improving HIV testing rates, treatment, and the process of HIV prevention. The main aim of this integrative literature review is to identify facilitators, barriers, and outcomes of self-initiated HIV testing.MethodA search of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EBSCO host, and Google Scholar, revealed 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria.ResultsSelf-initiated HIV testing is voluntarily requested and completed by individuals either using self-testing kits or in a setting that provides HIV testing. Perception of susceptibility to HIV infection, privacy, access to HIV testing sites or self-testing kits, and knowledge related to HIV infection and testing, were some of the salient facilitators and barriers to self-initiated HIV testing. Findings from our review indicate several benefits to self-initiated HIV testing, including early identification of acute HIV infection, increased likelihood for the uptake of HIV prevention interventions, and a reduction in sexual risk behaviors.Implication for PracticeNursing initiatives geared toward promoting self-initiated HIV testing will lead to prompt diagnoses and linkages to treatment which will further improve nursing care and a variety of health outcomes.

scholarly journals Ranula as the First Symptom of HIV Infection in Young Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
X. Vanden Eynden ◽  
C. Bouland ◽  
D. Dequanter ◽  
M. Gerbaux ◽  
S. Kampouridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Sublingual Gland ◽  
Salivary Gland Diseases ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing

Introduction. Oral manifestations are often the earliest HIV signs. Salivary gland diseases are a common form of HIV expression. A ranula can occur in association with HIV. However, this manifestation is rarely considered as the disease sentinel sign. We present two cases of children consulting for a ranula, leading to the diagnosis of a previously unknown HIV infection. Case Reports. Two children, respectively, 5 and 13, were treated for a ranula by marsupialization. Relapse occurred in both cases, and thereafter, a ranula excision was performed. While the follow-up was uneventful, HIV infection was diagnosed during the patients’ care. The only sign or symptom observed was the ranula. A routine HIV testing of ranula patients would have allowed earlier care. Conclusion. Routine HIV testing of patients with a ranula is justified and may be recommended, especially for children. Ranula excision associated with the sublingual gland resection is suggested in order to avoid recurrence.

Time trends in the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Chiang Mai, Thailand: an observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110213
Author(s):  
Amaraporn Rerkasem ◽  
Nuntisa Chotirosniramit ◽  
Pongpun Saokhieo ◽  
Antika Wongthanee ◽  
Kittipan Rerkasem
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Receptive Anal Sex ◽  
Sex With Men

A cross-sectional study on men who have sex with men (MSM) for the HIV prevention project was conducted to assess the prevalence of HIV infection–related behaviors among 551 MSM recruited in 2008–2009 and 1910 MSM in 2014–2018 for voluntary counseling and testing at a HIV clinic in Chiang Mai. Overall, the study found that the prevalence of HIV infection was significantly decreased from 12.9% (71/551) in the earlier study (2008–2009) to 8.2% (157/1910) in the recent study (2014–2018) ( p = 0.001). By comparison, in 2008–2009 and 2014–2018, there was no statistically significant difference in consistent condom use (39.0% [186/477] vs. 38.9% [591/1512], p = 0.969), while unprotected anal sex with casual partners significantly increased (44.5% [159/357] vs. 51.9% [645/1242], p = 0.014) and receptive anal sex significantly increased (37.7% [180/477] vs. 45.1% [860/1905], p = 0.004). However, previous HIV testing within 1 year increased significantly from 64.6% (197/305) to 74.7% (677/906, p = 0.001). In exploratory multivariate analysis, the factors associated with HIV infection included gay men, age below 20 years, being self-employed, being an employee, having only receptive anal sex, having both receptive/insertive anal sex, being a former substance user, using online dating, having a history of sexually transmitted infection symptoms, self-perception as being at high risk for HIV, last HIV testing >1 year, and never previously testing for HIV. The data represent the trend of health-seeking behavior improvements. The findings demonstrated the need for a novel sexual health service in an endemic setting and health promotion for online partner-seeking.

Constitutional Challenges to the Compulsory HIV Testing of Prisoners and the Mandatory Segregation of HIV-Positive Prisoners

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH C. HAAS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Homosexual Activity ◽  
Mandatory Testing

Intravenous drug use is both a common aspect of the pre-imprisonment lifestyles of many American prisoners and a leading risk factor for contracting HIV—the virus that causes AIDS. Moreover, incarcerated inmates frequently engage in behavior that can spread the disease, particularly homosexual activity and intravenous drug use. Correctional officials face increasing pressure to protect inmates and staff from HIV infection, and some have responded by implementing policies requiring all inmates to undergo HIV testing and by housing HIV-positive inmates in separate units. Screening and segregation policies, however, have been challenged on constitutional grounds by HIV-positive prisoners. This article examines the leading constitutional developments in this emerging area of law and finds that most courts so far have been inclined to reject constitutional challenges to mandatory testing and segregation policies. There are enough unsettled issues, however, to warrant expanded appellate review and eventual U.S. Supreme Court resolution of the key constitutional questions.

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