scholarly journals Routine HIV Testing in Jails Is Critical for the Early Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Men

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1366-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Flanigan ◽  
Curt G. Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing

Symptomatic primary HIV infection or risk experiences? Circumstances surrounding HIV testing and diagnosis among recent seroconverters

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann N Burchell ◽  
Liviana Calzavara ◽  
Nancy Ramuscak ◽  
Ted Myers ◽  
Carol Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Primary Hiv Infection ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Physician Awareness ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Hiv Negative

Our objective was to understand the circumstances surrounding HIV testing among recent HIV seroconverters ( n = 80) compared to HIV-negative controls ( n = 106) in Ontario, Canada using self-reported interview data. Diagnosis of symptomatic primary HIV infection (SPHI) was defined as diagnosis by the participant's physician. Testing in response to symptoms was reported by 42% of seroconverters vs 12% of controls. More controls than seroconverters tested in response to risk behaviour (70% vs 50%) or from a desire to know their status (34% vs 12%). Among seroconverters, 76% reported 'flu-like' illness during the time period of infection, 66% had symptoms consistent with SPHI, and 35% reported a physician's diagnosis of SPHI. Compared to seroconverters with undiagnosed SPHI, more of those diagnosed with SPHI had rash (odds ratio = 4.5). SPHI plays a significant role in HIV testing and subsequent early diagnosis in this population. More seroconversions could be diagnosed with better patient and physician awareness of its symptoms.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Undiagnosed HIV Infection in Those Who Decline HIV Screening in an Urban Emergency Department

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Czarnogorski ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
V. Lee ◽  
J. Oben ◽  
I. Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Routine Hiv Screening ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
Urban Emergency Department

Objective. To determine the prevalence of occult HIV infection in patients who decline routine HIV testing in an urban emergency department.Design, Setting, and Patients. Discarded blood samples were obtained from patients who had declined routine ED HIV testing. After insuring that the samples came from patients not known to be HIV positive, they were deidentified, and rapid HIV testing was preformed using 5 μL of whole blood.Main Outcome Measures. The prevalence of occult HIV infection in those who declined testing compared with prevalence in those who accepted testing.Results. 600 consecutive samples of patients who declined routine HIV screening were screened for HIV. Twelve (2%) were reactive. Over the same period of time, 4845 patients accepted routine HIV testing. Of these, 35 (0.7%) were reactive. The difference in the prevalence of HIV infection between those who declined and those who accepted testing was significant (). The relative risk of undetected HIV infection in the group that declined testing was 2.74 times higher (95% CI 1.44–5.18) compared with those accepted testing.Conclusion. The rate of occult HIV infection is nearly three-times higher in those who decline routine ED HIV testing compared with those who accept such testing. Interventions are urgently needed to decrease the opt-out rate in routine ED HIV testing settings.

Facilitators, Barriers, and Outcomes of Self-Initiated HIV Testing: An Integrative Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwamuyiwa Winifred Adebayo ◽  
John P. Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
Ebsco Host

Background and PurposeHIV testing is an essential tool for identifying people at risk for HIV infection and linking those who are infected to care. Despite the recommendation for routine HIV testing for people who are vulnerable to HIV infection, healthcare professionals experience difficulties initiating discussions related to sexual health and recommending HIV testing. Healthcare professionals not offering HIV testing is a frequently reported reason for delays in testing. Self-initiated HIV testing is understudied and vital to improving HIV testing rates, treatment, and the process of HIV prevention. The main aim of this integrative literature review is to identify facilitators, barriers, and outcomes of self-initiated HIV testing.MethodA search of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EBSCO host, and Google Scholar, revealed 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria.ResultsSelf-initiated HIV testing is voluntarily requested and completed by individuals either using self-testing kits or in a setting that provides HIV testing. Perception of susceptibility to HIV infection, privacy, access to HIV testing sites or self-testing kits, and knowledge related to HIV infection and testing, were some of the salient facilitators and barriers to self-initiated HIV testing. Findings from our review indicate several benefits to self-initiated HIV testing, including early identification of acute HIV infection, increased likelihood for the uptake of HIV prevention interventions, and a reduction in sexual risk behaviors.Implication for PracticeNursing initiatives geared toward promoting self-initiated HIV testing will lead to prompt diagnoses and linkages to treatment which will further improve nursing care and a variety of health outcomes.

scholarly journals Ranula as the First Symptom of HIV Infection in Young Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
X. Vanden Eynden ◽  
C. Bouland ◽  
D. Dequanter ◽  
M. Gerbaux ◽  
S. Kampouridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Sublingual Gland ◽  
Salivary Gland Diseases ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing

Introduction. Oral manifestations are often the earliest HIV signs. Salivary gland diseases are a common form of HIV expression. A ranula can occur in association with HIV. However, this manifestation is rarely considered as the disease sentinel sign. We present two cases of children consulting for a ranula, leading to the diagnosis of a previously unknown HIV infection. Case Reports. Two children, respectively, 5 and 13, were treated for a ranula by marsupialization. Relapse occurred in both cases, and thereafter, a ranula excision was performed. While the follow-up was uneventful, HIV infection was diagnosed during the patients’ care. The only sign or symptom observed was the ranula. A routine HIV testing of ranula patients would have allowed earlier care. Conclusion. Routine HIV testing of patients with a ranula is justified and may be recommended, especially for children. Ranula excision associated with the sublingual gland resection is suggested in order to avoid recurrence.

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