Direct and indirect effects of climate, human disturbance and plant traits on avian functional diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 963-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian G. R. Vollstädt ◽  
Stefan W. Ferger ◽  
Andreas Hemp ◽  
Kim M. Howell ◽  
Till Töpfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects

scholarly journals Investigating the direct and indirect effects of forest fragmentation on plant functional diversity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0235210
Author(s):  
Jenny Zambrano ◽  
Norbert J. Cordeiro ◽  
Carol Garzon-Lopez ◽  
Lauren Yeager ◽  
Claire Fortunel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Plant Functional Diversity

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Effects of Management Intensity and Environmental Factors on the Functional Diversity of Lichens in Central European Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Steffen Boch ◽  
Hugo Saiz ◽  
Eric Allan ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Daniel Prati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Standing Tree ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Management Intensity ◽  
Negative Effect

Using 642 forest plots from three regions in Germany, we analyzed the direct and indirect effects of forest management intensity and of environmental variables on lichen functional diversity (FDis). Environmental stand variables were affected by management intensity and acted as an environmental filter: summing direct and indirect effects resulted in a negative total effect of conifer cover on FDis, and a positive total effect of deadwood cover and standing tree biomass. Management intensity had a direct positive effect on FDis, which was compensated by an indirect negative effect via reduced standing tree biomass and lichen species richness, resulting in a negative total effect on FDis and the FDis of adaptation-related traits (FDisAd). This indicates environmental filtering of management and stronger niche partitioning at a lower intensity. In contrast, management intensity had a positive total effect on the FDis of reproduction-, dispersal- and establishment-related traits (FDisRe), mainly because of the direct negative effect of species richness, indicating functional over-redundancy, i.e., most species cluster into a few over-represented functional entities. Our findings have important implications for forest management: high lichen functional diversity can be conserved by promoting old, site-typical deciduous forests with a high richness of woody species and large deadwood quantity.

Direct and indirect effects of dynamic social impact

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Binder ◽  
Martin J. Bourgeois ◽  
Christine M. Shea Adams
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects
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