scholarly journals Allometric constraints and competition enable the simulation of size structure and carbon fluxes in a dynamic vegetation model of tropical forests (LM3PPA‐TV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 4478-4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Martínez Cano ◽  
Elena Shevliakova ◽  
Sergey Malyshev ◽  
S. Joseph Wright ◽  
Matteo Detto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Vegetation Model ◽  
Dynamic Vegetation Model

scholarly journals Modelling Holocene peatland dynamics with an individual-based dynamic vegetation model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Chaudhary ◽  
Paul A. Miller ◽  
Benjamin Smith
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vegetation Model ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Vegetation Model ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Vegetation Models ◽  
Global Vegetation

Abstract. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are designed for the study of past, present and future vegetation patterns together with associated biogeochemical cycles and climate feedbacks. However, current DGVMs lack functionality for the representation of peatlands, an important store of carbon at high latitudes. We demonstrate a new implementation of peatland dynamics in a customised "Arctic" version of the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS, simulating the long-term evolution of selected northern peatland ecosystems and assessing the effect of changing climate on peatland carbon balance. Our approach employs a dynamic multi-layer soil with representation of freeze-thaw processes and litter inputs from a dynamically-varying mixture of the main peatland plant functional types; mosses, dwarf shrubs and graminoids. The model was calibrated and tested for a sub-arctic mire in Stordalen, Sweden, and validated at a temperate bog site in Mer Bleue, Canada. A regional evaluation of simulated carbon fluxes, hydrology and vegetation dynamics encompassed additional locations spread across Scandinavia. Simulated peat accumulation was found to be generally consistent with published data and the model was able to capture reported long-term vegetation dynamics, water table position and carbon fluxes. A series of sensitivity experiments were carried out to investigate the vulnerability of high latitude peatlands to climate change. We found that the Stordalen mire may be expected to sequester more carbon in the first half of the 21st century due to milder and wetter climate conditions, a longer growing season, and CO2 fertilization effect, turning into a carbon source after mid-century because of higher decomposition rates in response to warming soils.

scholarly journals Introducing an Irrigation Scheme to a Regional Climate Model: A Case Study over West Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (15) ◽  
pp. 5708-5723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc P. Marcella ◽  
Elfatih A. B. Eltahir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Vegetation Model ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Dynamic Vegetation Model ◽  
Niger River

Abstract This article presents a new irrigation scheme and biome to the dynamic vegetation model, Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), coupled to version 3 of the Regional Climate Model (RegCM3-IBIS). The new land cover allows for only the plant functional type (crop) to exist in an irrigated grid cell. Irrigation water (i.e., negative runoff) is applied until the soil root zone reaches relative field capacity. The new scheme allows for irrigation scheduling (i.e., when to apply water) and for the user to determine the crop to be grown. Initial simulations show a large sensitivity of the scheme to soil texture types, how the water is applied, and the climatic conditions over the region. Application of the new scheme is tested over West Africa, specifically Mali and Niger, to simulate the potential irrigation of the Niger River. A realistic representation of irrigation of the Niger River is performed by constraining the land irrigated by the annual flow of the Niger River and the amount of arable land in the region as reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). A 30-yr simulation including irrigated cropland is compared to a 30-yr simulation that is identical but with no irrigation of the Niger. Results indicate a significant greening of the irrigated land as evapotranspiration over the crop fields largely increases—mostly via increases in transpiration from plant growth. The increase in the evapotranspiration, or latent heat flux (by 65–150 W m−2), causes a significant decrease in the sensible heat flux while surface temperatures cool on average by nearly 5°C. This cooling is felt downwind, where average daily temperatures outside the irrigation are reduced by 0.5°–1.0°C. Likewise, large increases in 2-m specific humidity are experienced across the irrigated cropland (on the order of 5 g kg−1) but also extend farther north and east, reflecting the prevailing surface southwesterlies. Changes (decreases) in rainfall are found only over the irrigated lands of west Mali. The decrease in rainfall can be explained by the large surface cooling and collapse of the boundary layer (by approximately 500 m). Both lead to a reduction in the triggering of convection as the convective inhibition, or negative buoyant energy, is never breached. Nevertheless, the new scheme and land cover allows for a novel line of research that can accurately reflect the effects of irrigation on climate and the surrounding environment using a dynamic vegetation model coupled to a regional climate model.

Grazing and aridity reduce perennial grass abundance in semi-arid rangelands – Insights from a trait-based dynamic vegetation model

2019 ◽  
Vol 395 ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Pfeiffer ◽  
Liam Langan ◽  
Anja Linstädter ◽  
Carola Martens ◽  
Camille Gaillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Vegetation Model ◽  
Dynamic Vegetation Model ◽  
Arid Rangelands ◽  
Semi Arid

Simulating impacts of water stress on woody biomass in the southern boreal region of western Canada using a dynamic vegetation model

2014 ◽  
Vol 198-199 ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hsien Chang ◽  
David T. Price ◽  
Jing M. Chen ◽  
Werner A. Kurz ◽  
Céline Boisvenue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Vegetation Model ◽  
Dynamic Vegetation Model ◽  
Boreal Region

scholarly journals A method for climate and vegetation reconstruction through the inversion of a dynamic vegetation model

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 371-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Garreta ◽  
Paul A. Miller ◽  
Joël Guiot ◽  
Christelle Hély ◽  
Simon Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Model ◽  
Dynamic Vegetation Model ◽  
Vegetation Reconstruction
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