scholarly journals Metapopulation dynamics in a changing climate: Increasing spatial synchrony in weather conditions drives metapopulation synchrony of a butterfly inhabiting a fragmented landscape

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 4316-4329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aapo Kahilainen ◽  
Saskya van Nouhuys ◽  
Torsti Schulz ◽  
Marjo Saastamoinen
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Metapopulation Dynamics ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Spatial Synchrony ◽  
Changing Climate

scholarly journals Highly Productive Pine Forests in a Changing Climate

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Nina F. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
Elena S. Klushevskaya ◽  
Elena Yu. Amineva
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Vital State

Forest steppe of the Central Chernozem Region (CCR) of Russia belongs to the zone of highly productive pine forests. In 2015, for the first time a partial destabilization of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was recorded within the territory of the CCR. It affected the population, organism and cellular levels of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The destabilization was caused by the 8-year heatwave of 2007–2014 followed by a sharp drop in the water table and four severe droughts (2007, 2010, 2012, and 2014). The analysis was carried out on two sites of pine forest plantations growing in the environmentally sound region: the Stupino test site (Voronezh region, typical plantation for the CCR) and the Usman site (Lipetsk region, lands with elevated groundwater level). The results of morphological, cytogenetic and biochemical studies of model trees of the Stupino test site during the following periods are presented: 4 optimal years in terms of weather conditions, 2014 drought year and 2015 destabilization year. It was found that prolonged hydrothermal stress resulted in the transition of pine from the basic equilibrium state to a slightly nonequilibrium state. The trigger mechanism for changing their vital state was a severe autumn soil drought in 2014, after which the plants became weakened right before winter. A decrease in cone bioproductivity by the traits of seed fullness and the total number of seeds per cone, a change in population sampling structure, an increase in the number of mitosis pathologies, and an increase in proline content in needles were observed despite optimal weather conditions in 2015. The recovery of species was studied for three subsequent optimal years on the example of the Stupino and Usman populations. Experimental data indicate that the processes of vital state normalization involve profound changes in metabolism and require certain energy expenditures. It took the Stupino population longer to return to the regional norm, which indicates a different depth of destabilization of the tree genetic material of the studied populations. For citation: Kuznetsova N.F., Klushevskaya E.S, Amineva E.Yu. Highly Productive Pine Forests in a Changing Climate. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 9–23. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-9-23

scholarly journals Precision Data Acquisition and Analysis for Nutrient Management of Tomatoes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S2) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
G. Yogeswari ◽  
A. Padmapriya
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Factors Influencing

Agriculture is the soul of every nation, where it considers some factors such as uneven rainfall, changing climate and weather conditions, monsoon for soil and nutrient during the crop growth. Agriculture is predominantly essential and the main source of our livelihood. Nutrient management is a major thirst area and to be the focus in the field of agriculture. Due to the paucity of nutrients in plants, the human is forced to face many challenges in day-to-day life. Restoration of nutrient is crucial, in this view there is need to espouse the precision agriculture system which alters crop related plan and policies. The main aim of this research is to collect some of the factors influencing nutrients in plant growth and analyze them. The data collection is done by both manual and precision methods. The plant chosen for the analysis is Tomato – a horticulture crop. This is an attempt towards developing an expert system based on precision data.

scholarly journals Low Adaptive Capacity in Africa and Climate Change Crises

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Adjei ◽  
Elijah Foh Amaning
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Geographical Position

The changing climate is unequivocal, and it is generally recognised as a threat to the terrestrial environment due to its cross-sectoral and irreversible impacts. Since the inception of industrial revolution (1750), the concentration of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) in the atmosphere has been compromised. Until the past two centuries, the quantity of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere had never surpassed about 280 part per million (ppm) and 790 part per billion (ppb), respectively. Rise in greenhouse gases (GHGs) has impacted almost every biotic component on the surface of the earth, and regions which have low adaptive capacity and greatly depend on agriculture and biodiversity for livelihood are hard hit. This phenomenon has resulted in global warming, extinction of some fora and fauna species, precipitation variability, extreme weather conditions, migration of biotic creatures from one geographical area to another, melting of icecap, sea level rise, coral breach and so on during the last century. The contribution of emission of greenhouse gases of Africa is insignificant, however, the repercussion of the changing climate is crucial in the region due to the presence of other stressors such as poverty, corruption, diseases, geographical position of the continent, low adaptive capacity, rain-fed agriculture etc., and this has led to conflict over resources usage, food insecurity, forced migration, ill-health and many more.

scholarly journals Impacts of climate change on future air quality and human health in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (35) ◽  
pp. 17193-17200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaopeng Hong ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Steven J. Davis ◽  
Dan Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Changing Climate

In recent years, air pollution has caused more than 1 million deaths per year in China, making it a major focus of public health efforts. However, future climate change may exacerbate such human health impacts by increasing the frequency and duration of weather conditions that enhance air pollution exposure. Here, we use a combination of climate, air quality, and epidemiological models to assess future air pollution deaths in a changing climate under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5). We find that, assuming pollution emissions and population are held constant at current levels, climate change would adversely affect future air quality for >85% of China’s population (∼55% of land area) by the middle of the century, and would increase by 3% and 4% the population-weighted average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone, respectively. As a result, we estimate an additional 12,100 and 8,900 Chinese (95% confidence interval: 10,300 to 13,800 and 2,300 to 14,700, respectively) will die per year from PM2.5 and ozone exposure, respectively. The important underlying climate mechanisms are changes in extreme conditions such as atmospheric stagnation and heat waves (contributing 39% and 6%, respectively, to the increase in mortality). Additionally, greater vulnerability of China’s aging population will further increase the estimated deaths from PM2.5 and ozone in 2050 by factors of 1 and 3, respectively. Our results indicate that climate change and more intense extremes are likely to increase the risk of severe pollution events in China. Managing air quality in China in a changing climate will thus become more challenging.

scholarly journals Geographical variation in the spatial synchrony of a forest-defoliating insect: isolation of environmental and spatial drivers

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1753) ◽  
pp. 20122373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Haynes ◽  
Ottar N. Bjørnstad ◽  
Andrew J. Allstadt ◽  
Andrew M. Liebhold
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Spatial Synchrony ◽  
Acorn Production ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Despite the pervasiveness of spatial synchrony of population fluctuations in virtually every taxon, it remains difficult to disentangle its underlying mechanisms, such as environmental perturbations and dispersal. We used multiple regression of distance matrices (MRMs) to statistically partition the importance of several factors potentially synchronizing the dynamics of the gypsy moth, an invasive species in North America, exhibiting outbreaks that are partially synchronized over long distances (approx. 900 km). The factors considered in the MRM were synchrony in weather conditions, spatial proximity and forest-type similarity. We found that the most likely driver of outbreak synchrony is synchronous precipitation. Proximity played no apparent role in influencing outbreak synchrony after accounting for precipitation, suggesting dispersal does not drive outbreak synchrony. Because a previous modelling study indicated weather might indirectly synchronize outbreaks through synchronization of oak masting and generalist predators that feed upon acorns, we also examined the influence of weather and proximity on synchrony of acorn production. As we found for outbreak synchrony, synchrony in oak masting increased with synchrony in precipitation, though it also increased with proximity. We conclude that precipitation could synchronize gypsy moth populations directly, as in a Moran effect, or indirectly, through effects on oak masting, generalist predators or diseases.

scholarly journals CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT AND RESPONSE OF RICE YIELD

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W6 ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
M. Rana ◽  
K. K. Singh ◽  
N. Kumari ◽  
J. Sanjay ◽  
G. P. Gohain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Climate Patterns ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Rice is an important cereal crop and part of daily diet not only in India but also throughout Asia. Agriculture is highly dependent on the variations in temperature, precipitation and solar radiation and long-term climate patterns. The pattern of changing climate in last 30 years indicate that predictable and possible changes in rainfall and temperature can reduce agriculture outputs and yields particularly for rice and wheat significantly. The main aim of this research paper is to study the Kharif Rice Productivity in Hisar, Haryana under changing climate. The study focuses on the impacts of climate change namely intensity, timings and spatial distribution of rainfall. Kharif rice is more vulnerable to meteorological drought due to growing uncertainties in monsoon rains under the changing climate patterns. The study of seasonal changes in precipitation at decadal scale for observed and CORDEX projected precipitation for the selected region was done to understand the impacts of climate change. Along with this, DSSAT Crop Simulation Model was run to quantify the water stress in the years with more negative rainfall departure and to identify the reasons for variability in yield. DSSAT model was able to simulate phenological events and final grain yield at maturity stage with reasonable accuracy under varied weather conditions. The analysis of the simulated results indicates the association between yield and rainfall amount and its distribution during the season and different phenological growth stages of rice. The results further indicate that water stress at important stages such as Booting, Heading and Flowering majorly impact the final yield.</p>

scholarly journals Dispersal and metapopulation stability

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaopeng Wang ◽  
Bart Haegeman ◽  
Michel Loreau
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Metapopulation Dynamics ◽  
Community Stability ◽  
Spatial Synchrony ◽  
Metapopulation Model ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Spatial Parameters ◽  
Conservation Corridors ◽  
Practical Implications

Metapopulation dynamics are jointly regulated by local and spatial factors. These factors may affect the dynamics of local populations and of the entire metapopulation differently. Previous studies have shown that dispersal can stabilize local populations; however, as dispersal also tends to increase spatial synchrony, its net effect on metapopulation stability has been controversial. Here we present a simple metapopulation model to study how dispersal, in interaction with other spatial and local processes, affects the temporal variability of metapopulations in a stochastic environment. Our results show that in homogeneous metapopulations, the local stabilizing and spatial synchronizing effects of dispersal cancel each other out, such that dispersal has no effect on metapopulation variability. This result is robust to moderate heterogeneities in local and spatial parameters. When local and spatial dynamics exhibit high heterogeneities, however, dispersal can either stabilize or destabilize metapopulation dynamics through various mechanisms. Our findings have important theoretical and practical implications. We show that dispersal functions as a form of spatial intraspecific mutualism in metapopulation dynamics and that its effect on metapopulation stability is opposite to that of interspecific competition on local community stability. Our results also suggest that conservation corridors should be designed with appreciation of spatial heterogeneities in population dynamics in order to maximize metapopulation stability.

scholarly journals Response of Rambler Roses to Changing Climate Conditions in Urbanized Areas of the European Lowlands

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Marta Joanna Monder
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Oceanic Climate ◽  
Climate Influences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Climate change affects the possibility of crop production and yield and disrupting the maintenance of crop biodiversity, including ornamentals. Warsaw is located in a temperate zone with mixed continental and oceanic climate influences. This research examines the response of once-blooming rambler roses to changing climate conditions in connection with their frost resistance and ornamental value. The 15 selected rambler rose cultivars were observed in the years 2000–2016 in the Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden—Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin. Damage to shrubs caused by frost, the timing of bud break, leaf development, and initial, full, and final flowering were recorded. We show that changes in phenology and frost damage were the effect of weather conditions in the autumn–winter–spring period. Frost damage influenced the flowering and growth of plants in different ways, depending on the extent of required pruning. The cultivars most highly tolerant to frost damage were: “Lykkefund”, “Polstjårnan”, and “Semiplena”. During the final years (2014–2016), due to mild winters, all of the studied rose cultivars could be used for a wider range of applications than previously (2000–2006 and 2009–2013). Their reintroduction helped to maintain biodiversity of old cultivars, which makes these roses a proposal for the lowlands of Central Europe.

scholarly journals Weather-Related Construction Delays in a Changing Climate: A Systematic State-of-the-Art Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2861
Author(s):  
Steven J. Schuldt ◽  
Mathew R. Nicholson ◽  
Yaquarri A. Adams ◽  
Justin D. Delorit
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Adverse Weather

Adverse weather delays forty-five percent of construction projects worldwide, costing project owners and contractors billions of dollars in additional expenses and lost revenue each year. Additionally, changes in climate are expected to increase the frequency and intensity of weather conditions that cause these construction delays. Researchers have investigated the effect of weather on several aspects of construction. Still, no previous study comprehensively (1) identifies and quantifies the risks weather imposes on construction projects, (2) categorizes modeling and simulation approaches developed, and (3) summarizes mitigation strategies and adaptation techniques to provide best management practices for the construction industry. This paper accomplishes these goals through a systematic state-of-the-art review of 3207 articles published between 1972 and October 2020. This review identified extreme temperatures, precipitation, and high winds as the most impactful weather conditions on construction. Despite the prevalence of climate-focused delay studies, existing research fails to account for future climate in the modeling and identification of delay mitigation strategies. Accordingly, planners and project managers can use this research to identify weather-vulnerable activities, account for changing climate in projects, and build administrative or organizational capacity to assist in mitigating weather delays in construction. The cumulative contribution of this review will enable sustainable construction scheduling that is robust to a changing climate.

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