The influence of local spring temperature variance on temperature sensitivity of spring phenology

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1473-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Catherine Ottlé ◽  
Shushi Peng ◽  
Ivan A. Janssens ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Temperature Variance

Enhanced spring temperature sensitivity of carbon emission links to earlier phenology

2020 ◽  
Vol 745 ◽  
pp. 140999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fandong Meng ◽  
Lirong Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Zhang ◽  
Lili Jiang ◽  
Yanfen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Spring Temperature

Changes in temperature sensitivity of spring phenology with recent climate warming in Switzerland are related to shifts of the preseason

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 5189-5202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Güsewell ◽  
Reinhard Furrer ◽  
Regula Gehrig ◽  
Barbara Pietragalla
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Recent Climate

scholarly journals Earlier-Season Vegetation Has Greater Temperature Sensitivity of Spring Phenology in Northern Hemisphere

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e88178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaogen Shen ◽  
Yanhong Tang ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Xi Yang ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Spring Phenology

scholarly journals Spatial variance of spring phenology in temperate deciduous forests is constrained by background climatic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Peaucelle ◽  
Ivan A. Janssens ◽  
Benjamin D. Stocker ◽  
Adrià Descals Ferrando ◽  
Yongshuo H. Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Availability ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Spatial Variance ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Leaf Unfolding ◽  
Temperate Deciduous ◽  
Heat Requirement

AbstractLeaf unfolding in temperate forests is driven by spring temperature, but little is known about the spatial variance of that temperature dependency. Here we use in situ leaf unfolding observations for eight deciduous tree species to show that the two factors that control chilling (number of cold days) and heat requirement (growing degree days at leaf unfolding, GDDreq) only explain 30% of the spatial variance of leaf unfolding. Radiation and aridity differences among sites together explain 10% of the spatial variance of leaf unfolding date, and 40% of the variation in GDDreq. Radiation intensity is positively correlated with GDDreq and aridity is negatively correlated with GDDreq spatial variance. These results suggest that leaf unfolding of temperate deciduous trees is adapted to local mean climate, including water and light availability, through altered sensitivity to spring temperature. Such adaptation of heat requirement to background climate would imply that models using constant temperature response are inherently inaccurate at local scale.

scholarly journals Plasticity in timing of avian breeding in response to spring temperature differs between early and late nesting species

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Messmer ◽  
Ray T. Alisauskas ◽  
Hannu Pöysä ◽  
Pentti Runko ◽  
Robert G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Phenological Mismatch ◽  
Lesser Scaup ◽  
Duck Species ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Clutch Initiation

AbstractPlasticity for breeding dates may influence population vulnerability to climate change via phenological mismatch between an organism’s life cycle requirements and resource availability in occupied environments. Some life history traits may constrain plasticity, however there have been remarkably few comparisons of how closely-related species, differing in key traits, respond to common phenology gradients. We compared population- and individual-level plasticity in clutch initiation dates (CID) in response to spring temperature among five duck species with early- to late-season nesting life histories. Plasticity was strongest in females of the earliest breeding species (common goldeneye [Bucephala clangula], mallard [Anas platyrhynchos], and gadwall [Mareca strepera]), whereas late-nesting lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and white-winged scoter (Melanitta fusca deglandi) did not respond. These results contrast with previous work in other bird families that suggested late-breeders are generally more flexible. Nevertheless, late-breeding species exhibited annual variation in mean CID, suggesting response to other environmental factors unrelated to spring temperature. Goldeneye and gadwall females varied in their strength of individual plasticity (‘individual × environment’ interactions) and goldeneye and scoter females showed evidence of interannual repeatability of CID. Fitness consequences of CID plasticity in response to spring phenology, including trophic mechanisms and population consequences, warrant investigation.

Mögliche künftige Trends der Lufttemperatur und des Blattaustriebs der Schwarzerle (Alnus glutinosa) in Deutschland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timm Waldau ◽  
Frank-M. Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Forest Meteorology ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
International Journal Of Biometeorology

<p>Eine direkte Auswirkung des rezenten Klimawandels auf die Vegetation ist die Verfrühung phänologischer Stadien, besonders im Frühjahr (WALDAU & CHMIELEWSKI, 2018; CHMIELEWSKI et al., 2004; WOLFE et al., 2005). Diese Trends wurden weltweit beobachtet und sind hauptsächlich auf den Anstieg der Lufttemperatur zurückzuführen, was den engen Zusammenhang zwischen Pflanzenentwicklung und Temperatur belegt. Dieser stetige Temperaturanstieg wird sich in Zukunft fortsetzen und zu zeitlichen und räumlichen Verschiebungen in der Vegetationsentwicklung führen. Um diese Veränderungen abschätzen zu können, sind plausible phänologische Modelle erforderlich, wobei das Kältebedürfnis, das für die Überwindung der Dormanz erforderlich ist, hierbei eine der Schlüsselgrößen ist. <br />Ziel dieser Studie war es die zukünftigen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die natürliche Vegetation in Deutschland abzuschätzen. In einer dreijährigen Studie (Winter 2015/16 – 2017/18) wurde der Zeitpunkt der Dormanzbrechung für verschiedene Baumarten experimentell in Klimakammerversuchen bestimmt. Im Rahmen dieses Vortrages sollen die Ergebnisse für die Schwarzerle (Alnus glutinosa) dargestellt werden. Nach der Ermittlung des für den Blattaustrieb der Schwarzerle notwendigen Kältereizes wurde ein Chilling/Forcing Modell parametrisiert und anschließend an den phänologischen Beobachtungdaten des Deutschen Wetterdienstes (1951-2015) validiert. Für die Abschätzung der künftigen klimatischen Entwicklung wurde ein Klimaensemble aus sieben verschieden Klimamodellrechnungen für zwei Klimaszenarien (RCP 2.6 & 8.5) verwendet. Für den Zeitraum 2010-2100 werden neben den zeitlichen Trends der Lufttemperatur und der Phänologie zusätzlich die regionalen Unterschiede in Deutschland (Nord-Ost/Nord-West/Süd-Ost/Süd-West) aufgezeigt.</p> <p> </p> <p>Literatur:</p> <p>CHMIELEWSKI, F. M., MÜLLER, A. & BRUNS, E. (2004): Climate changes and trends in phenology of fruit trees and field crops in Germany, 1961–2000. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 121 (1), 69-DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00161-8.</p> <p>WALDAU, T. & CHMIELEWSKI, F. M. (2018): Spatial and temporal changes of spring temperature, thermal growing season and spring phenology in Germany 1951–2015. Meteorol. Z. 27 (4), 335-342.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2018/0923.</p> <p>WOLFE, D. W., SCHWARTZ, M. D., LAKSO, A. N., OTSUKI, Y., POOL, R. M. & SHAULIS, N. J. (2005): Climate change and shifts in spring phenology of three horticultural woody perennials in northeastern USA. International Journal of Biometeorology 49 (5), 303-309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-004-0248-9.</p>

Plant Phenology of the European Alps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helfried Scheifinger
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Frost Risk ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Phenology is the study of the seasonal timing of life cycle events. The Belgian botanist Charles Morren introduced the term in 1853, which is a combination of two Greek words, φαίνω, which means to show, to bring to light, make to appear, and λόγος, which means study, discourse, or reasoning. The global change discussion has stimulated phenological research, which as a consequence greatly advanced as science and evolved to one of the main climate impact indicators. Many of the earliest systematic efforts to collect phenological observations took place in countries sharing the Alps, most of which are still operating phenological networks. These phenological data sets are generally freely available to researchers, and numerous essential contributions to the topic of phenology and climate have been built on those data sets. Plant physiological processes underlying the ability of the plants to adapt to the year-to-year variability of the climate still constitutes largely a black box. Since the experiments of René Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur in the 18th century, it is known that temperature constitutes the main environmental driver of the seasonal development of the mid- to high-latitude plants. Second to temperature, day length governs the seasonal cycle of some species as an additional factor. Therefore, temperature-driven phenological models are able to simulate the year-to-year variability of phenological entry dates accurately enough for various applications, such as climate change impact research or numerical pollen forecast models, where the beginning of flowering of some plants is linked with the release of allergic pollen into the atmosphere. Large-scale circulation patterns, like the North Atlantic Oscillation, determine the frequency and intensity of warm and cold spells and decadal temperature trends over Europe. Combined anthropogenic and natural forcings explain the advance of spring phenology over the last 50 years, which is also clearly discernible in the area of the Alps. The early phenological spring starts in Western Europe, whereas later in the season it makes progress with a stronger southerly component across the Alps. The combined temporal and spatial trends have been studied along elevational gradients. Trends toward earlier entry dates are stronger at higher elevations, which indicates that the elevational phenological gradient has weakened since the mid-20th century. Similarly, the vegetation response to temperature is observed to decrease when moving from high to low latitudes. In contrast, the temporal response of plant phenology to increasing temperatures is less clear. Some works indeed demonstrate a decreasing temperature sensitivity with increasing temperature, which is explained as a result of a reduced winter chilling that delays spring phenology or of a limiting effect due to a shorter photoperiod. Other works report no change of temporal temperature sensitivity with increasing temperatures. Indigenous midlatitude vegetation is able to withstand large temperature variations during winter and spring. The safety margin between last frost events, budding, and leaf emergence was found to be uniform across elevations and taxa, except for beech trees. The probability of freezing damage to natural vegetation is almost nil, but late frost risk constitutes a real threat to fruit growers. The ratio of phenological and last frost trends is ambiguous. An increase or decrease in frost risk depends on regions, elevations, and species. Vegetation at high altitudes is exposed to a harsh climate with a long-lasting snow cover, low temperatures, and a short growing season. Snowmelt is a necessary but insufficient requirement for the start of the growing season, which has to be supplemented by plant-specific temperature sums to activate the growth of most alpine and subalpine species. The seasonal cycle has to be completed within a short time. Advances in remote sensing technology have provided access to high-resolution landscape scale phenological information. Especially in remote areas, like the Alps, in situ observations could be supplemented by satellite observations. Observations from both methods, I -situ and remote sensing, have been applied to describe spring vegetation dynamics, but the correlation between these data sets have typically been weak because of differences in temporal and spatial scales and resolutions. A successfully combined description of the seasonal vegetation cycle is still lacking. The area of the European Alps offers a wealth of long chronicles, containing historical phenological observations some of which have been extracted and digitized. Grape harvest dates belong to the most readily available historical phenological observations, which have helped reconstruct summer temperatures as far back as the 15th century.

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