scholarly journals The influence of the biological pump on ocean chemistry: implications for long‐term trends in marine redox chemistry, the global carbon cycle, and marine animal ecosystems

Geobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Meyer ◽  
A. Ridgwell ◽  
J. L. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Redox Chemistry ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Biological Pump ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Ocean Chemistry ◽  
Global Carbon

scholarly journals FITOPLANKTON DAN SIKLUS KARBON GLOBAL

OSEANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Mochamad Ramdhan Firdaus ◽  
Lady Ayu Sri Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Biological Pump ◽  
Large Role ◽  
The World ◽  
Pump Mechanism ◽  
Global Carbon

PHYTOPLANKTON AND GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE. Scientists around the world believe that phytoplankton, although microscopic, have a large role in the global carbon cycle. Various research results show that the net primary productivity of all phytoplankton in the sea is almost as large as the net primary productivity of all plants on land. Phytoplankton through the process of photosynthesis absorbs 40-50 PgC / year from the atmosphere. Also, phytoplankton is known to be responsible for transporting carbon from the atmosphere to the seafloor through the carbon biological pump mechanism. Phytoplankton from the coccolithophores group is known to play a role in the sequestration of carbon on the seabed through the carbonate pump mechanism. The mechanism is capable of sequestering carbon for thousands of years on the seabed in the form of sedimentary rocks (limestone).

scholarly journals Long-term evolution of the global carbon cycle: historic minimum of global surface temperature at presen

Tellus B ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Franck ◽  
Konrad J. Kossacki ◽  
Werner Von Bloth ◽  
Christine Bounama
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Global Surface Temperature ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Global Surface ◽  
Global Carbon

scholarly journals Understanding the Role of the Biological Pump in the Global Carbon Cycle: An Imperative for Ocean Science

Oceanography ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Honjo ◽  
Timothy Eglinton ◽  
Craig Taylor ◽  
Kevin Ulmer ◽  
Stefan Sievert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Biological Pump ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
Global Carbon

scholarly journals Two aspects of decadal ENSO variability modulating the long-term global carbon cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
So-won Park ◽  
Jin-Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Seong Kug ◽  
Malte F. Stuecker ◽  
In-Won Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Enso Variability ◽  
Global Carbon

<p>El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the primary cause of interannual variations in the global carbon cycle because ENSO-driven extensive teleconnection over continents affects the terrestrial ecosystem process. ENSO is an interannual phenomenon, but it also has decadal variability. The ENSO-like SST pattern and ENSO characteristic, e.g. ENSO amplitude, change on decadal timescales. However, the influence of decadal ENSO variability on global carbon cycle has not yet been fully examined. Here we examined the impacts of decadal ENSO variability on decadal variation of terrestrial carbon flux by analyzing fully coupled pre-industrial control simulation of the Community Earth System Model 1 large ensemble (CESM1-LE). Considerable decadal variability of atmosphere-to-land carbon flux exists and this terrestiral carbon flux is mainly modulated by the tropical biosphere on decadal timescales as well as on interannual timescales. We found that there are two different pathways, which can explain about 36% of the decadal variations in terrestrial carbon flux. First, long-term climate change over tropics induced by decadal tropical Pacific SST variability regulates the terrestrial productivity and hence atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> on decadal time scale. Second, decadal changes in asymmetric terrestrial ecosystem’s response to ENSO events, resulted from decadal modulation of ENSO amplitude, generate decadal variability of terrestrial carbon flux.</p><p>Key words: Global Carbon Cycle, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Variability, ENSO asymmetry, Decadal NBP variability</p>

scholarly journals Expanding the oceanic carbon cycle: Jellyfish biomass in the biological pump

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Lebrato ◽  
Daniel O.B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Gelatinous Zooplankton ◽  
Biological Pump ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
The World ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Oceanic Carbon ◽  
Global Carbon

With atmospheric CO2 concentrations increasing, it is vital to improve our understanding of the processes that sequester carbon, the most important being the biological pump of the world's oceans. Jellyfish might not spring to mind as major players in the global carbon cycle but the evidence of large jelly-falls on the world's deep seabeds suggests that gelatinous zooplankton have a greater role in the biological pump than we thought previously. Jellyfish blooms may be increasing and dead jellyfish may offer a rapidly accessible food source as they sink. We have developed a model to explore the remineralization of gelatinous carcasses as they sink, which is allowing us to predict the effects of jelly-falls on carbon transfer around the world.

scholarly journals On the application and interpretation of Keeling plots in paleo climate research – deciphering δ<sup>13</sup>C of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> measured in ice cores

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Köhler ◽  
H. Fischer ◽  
J. Schmitt ◽  
G. Munhoven
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Keeling Plot ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. The Keeling plot analysis is an interpretation method widely used in terrestrial carbon cycle research to quantify exchange processes of carbon between terrestrial reservoirs and the atmosphere. Here, we analyse measured data sets and artificial time series of the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) and of δ13C of CO2 over industrial and glacial/interglacial time scales and investigate to what extent the Keeling plot methodology can be applied to longer time scales. The artificial time series are simulation results of the global carbon cycle box model BICYCLE. The signals recorded in ice cores caused by abrupt terrestrial carbon uptake or release loose information due to air mixing in the firn before bubble enclosure and limited sampling frequency. Carbon uptake by the ocean cannot longer be neglected for less abrupt changes as occurring during glacial cycles. We introduce an equation for the calculation of long-term changes in the isotopic signature of atmospheric CO2 caused by an injection of terrestrial carbon to the atmosphere, in which the ocean is introduced as third reservoir. This is a paleo extension of the two reservoir mass balance equations of the Keeling plot approach. It gives an explanation for the bias between the isotopic signature of the terrestrial release and the signature deduced with the Keeling plot approach for long-term processes, in which the oceanic reservoir cannot be neglected. These deduced isotopic signatures are similar (−8.6‰) for steady state analyses of long-term changes in the terrestrial and marine biosphere which both perturb the atmospheric carbon reservoir. They are more positive than the δ13C signals of the sources, e.g. the terrestrial carbon pools themselves (−25‰). A distinction of specific processes acting on the global carbon cycle from the Keeling plot approach is not straightforward. In general, processes related to biogenic fixation or release of carbon have lower y-intercepts in the Keeling plot than changes in physical processes, however in many case they are indistinguishable (e.g. ocean circulation from biogenic carbon fixation).

scholarly journals Substantial stores of sedimentary carbon held in mid-latitude fjords

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5771-5787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Smeaton ◽  
William E. N. Austin ◽  
Althea L. Davies ◽  
Agnès Baltzer ◽  
Richard E. Abell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Sedimentary Carbon

Abstract. Quantifying marine sedimentary carbon stocks is key to improving our understanding of long-term storage of carbon in the coastal ocean and to further constraining the global carbon cycle. Here we present a methodological approach which combines seismic geophysics and geochemical measurements to quantitatively estimate the total stock of carbon held within marine sediment. Through the application of this methodology to Loch Sunart, a fjord on the west coast of Scotland, we have generated the first full sedimentary carbon inventory for a fjordic system. The sediments of Loch Sunart hold 26.9 ± 0.5 Mt of carbon split between 11.5 ± 0.2 and 15.0 ± 0.4 Mt of organic and inorganic carbon respectively. These new quantitative estimates of carbon stored in coastal sediments are significantly higher than previous estimates. Through an area-normalised comparison to adjacent Scottish peatland carbon stocks, we have determined that these mid-latitude fjords are significantly more effective as carbon stores than their terrestrial counterparts. This initial work supports the concept that fjords are important environments for the burial and long-term storage of carbon and therefore should be considered and treated as unique environments within the global carbon cycle.

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