scholarly journals Signal evolution and morphological complexity in hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae )

Evolution ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Eliason ◽  
Rafael Maia ◽  
Juan L. Parra ◽  
Matthew D. Shawkey
Keyword(s):  
Signal Evolution ◽  
Morphological Complexity

Reading Longer Words: Insights Into Multisyllabic Word Reading

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Heggie ◽  
Lesly Wade-Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Instructional Programs ◽  
Morphological Knowledge ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
Reading Accuracy ◽  
Grade 3

Students with persistent reading difficulties are often especially challenged by multisyllabic words; they tend to have neither a systematic approach for reading these words nor the confidence to persevere (Archer, Gleason, & Vachon, 2003; Carlisle & Katz, 2006; Moats, 1998). This challenge is magnified by the fact that the vast majority of English words are multisyllabic and constitute an increasingly large proportion of the words in elementary school texts beginning as early as grade 3 (Hiebert, Martin, & Menon, 2005; Kerns et al., 2016). Multisyllabic words are more difficult to read simply because they are long, posing challenges for working memory capacity. In addition, syllable boundaries, word stress, vowel pronunciation ambiguities, less predictable grapheme-phoneme correspondences, and morphological complexity all contribute to long words' difficulty. Research suggests that explicit instruction in both syllabification and morphological knowledge improve poor readers' multisyllabic word reading accuracy; several examples of instructional programs involving one or both of these elements are provided.

Effects of lexical status and morphological complexity in masked priming

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna A. Morris ◽  
James Porter ◽  
Jonathan Grainger ◽  
Phillip J. Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
Masked Priming ◽  
Lexical Status ◽  
Morphological Complexity

scholarly journals Three-dimensional understanding of the morphological complexity of the human uterine endometrium

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102258
Author(s):  
Manako Yamaguchi ◽  
Kosuke Yoshihara ◽  
Kazuaki Suda ◽  
Hirofumi Nakaoka ◽  
Nozomi Yachida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
Uterine Endometrium ◽  
Human Uterine Endometrium

Optimization of morpheme length: a cross-linguistic assessment of Zipf’s and Menzerath’s laws

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (s3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Stave ◽  
Ludger Paschen ◽  
François Pellegrino ◽  
Frank Seifart
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Zipf’S Law ◽  
Zipf's Law ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
Linguistic Assessment ◽  
Linguistic Units

Abstract Zipf’s Law of Abbreviation and Menzerath’s Law both make predictions about the length of linguistic units, based on corpus frequency and the length of the carrier unit. Each contributes to the efficiency of languages: for Zipf, units are more likely to be reduced when they are highly predictable, due to their frequency; for Menzerath, units are more likely to be reduced when there are more sub-units to contribute to the structural information of the carrier unit. However, it remains unclear how the two laws work together in determining unit length at a given level of linguistic structure. We examine this question regarding the length of morphemes in spoken corpora of nine typologically diverse languages drawn from the DoReCo corpus, showing that Zipf’s Law is a stronger predictor, but that the two laws interact with one another. We also explore how this is affected by specific typological characteristics, such as morphological complexity.

scholarly journals Sensory-based niche partitioning in a multiple predator–multiple prey community

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1808) ◽  
pp. 20150520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay J. Falk ◽  
Hannah M. ter Hofstede ◽  
Patricia L. Jones ◽  
Marjorie M. Dixon ◽  
Paul A. Faure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Signal Evolution ◽  
Signal Design ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Mate Attraction ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
The Impact

Many predators and parasites eavesdrop on the communication signals of their prey. Eavesdropping is typically studied as dyadic predator–prey species interactions; yet in nature, most predators target multiple prey species and most prey must evade multiple predator species. The impact of predator communities on prey signal evolution is not well understood. Predators could converge in their preferences for conspicuous signal properties, generating competition among predators and natural selection on particular prey signal features. Alternatively, predator species could vary in their preferences for prey signal properties, resulting in sensory-based niche partitioning of prey resources. In the Neotropics, many substrate-gleaning bats use the mate-attraction songs of male katydids to locate them as prey. We studied mechanisms of niche partitioning in four substrate-gleaning bat species and found they are similar in morphology, echolocation signal design and prey-handling ability, but each species preferred different acoustic features of male song in 12 sympatric katydid species. This divergence in predator preference probably contributes to the coexistence of many substrate-gleaning bat species in the Neotropics, and the substantial diversity in the mate-attraction signals of katydids. Our results provide insight into how multiple eavesdropping predator species might influence prey signal evolution through sensory-based niche partitioning.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Implications of Morphological Complexity Within the Testate Amoeba Genus Corythion from the Antarctic Peninsula

Protist ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 168 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Roland ◽  
Matthew J. Amesbury ◽  
David M. Wilkinson ◽  
Dan J. Charman ◽  
Peter Convey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Testate Amoeba ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
The Antarctic

Thermal effects on ESR signal evolution in nano and bulk CuO powder

2003 ◽  
Vol 325 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Viano ◽  
S.R. Mishra ◽  
R. Lloyd ◽  
J. Losby ◽  
T. Gheyi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Signal Evolution

scholarly journals Neurocognitive mechanisms for processing inflectional and derivational complexity in English

Psihologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Bozic ◽  
William Marslen-Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Whole Word ◽  
Processing Network

In the current paper we discuss the mechanisms that underlie the processing of inflectional and derivational complexity in English. We address this issue from a neurocognitive perspective and present evidence from a new fMRI study that the two types of morphological complexity engage the language processing network in different ways. The processing of inflectional complexity selectively activates a left-lateralised frontotemporal system, specialised for combinatorial grammatical computations, while derivational complexity primarily engages a distributed bilateral system, argued to support whole-word, stem based lexical access. We discuss the implications of our findings for theories of the processing and representation of morphologically complex words.

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