scholarly journals Heritability, selection, and the response to selection in the presence of phenotypic measurement error: Effects, cures, and the role of repeated measurements

Evolution ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1992-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Ponzi ◽  
Lukas F. Keller ◽  
Timothée Bonnet ◽  
Stefanie Muff
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Response To Selection

scholarly journals Heritability, selection, and the response to selection in the presence of phenotypic measurement error: effects, cures, and the role of repeated measurements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Ponzi ◽  
Lukas F. Keller ◽  
Timothée Bonnet ◽  
Stefanie Muff
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Selection Gradients ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Unbiased Estimates

Quantitative genetic analyses require extensive measurements of phenotypic traits, a task that is often not trivial, especially in wild populations. On top of instrumental measurement error, some traits may undergo transient (i.e. non-persistent) fluctuations that are biologically irrelevant for selection processes. These two sources of variability, which we denote here as measurement error in a broad sense, are possible causes for bias in the estimation of quantitative genetic parameters. We illustrate how in a continuous trait transient effects with a classical measurement error structure may bias estimates of heritability, selection gradients, and the predicted response to selection. We propose strategies to obtain unbiased estimates with the help of repeated measurements taken at an appropriate temporal scale. However, the fact that in quantitative genetic analyses repeated measurements are also used to isolate permanent environmental instead of transient effects, requires a re-assessment of the information content of repeated measurements. To do so, we propose to distinguish “short-term” from “long-term” repeats, where the former capture transient variability and the latter the permanent effects. We show how the inclusion of the corresponding variance components in quantitative genetic models yields unbiased estimates of all quantities of interest, and we illustrate the application of the method to data from a Swiss snow vole population.

scholarly journals ON THE UNIFORM CONVERGENCE OF DECONVOLUTION ESTIMATORS FROM REPEATED MEASUREMENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Daisuke Kurisu ◽  
Taisuke Otsu
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Uniform Convergence ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Convergence Rates ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Error Model ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Empirical Characteristic Function ◽  
Measurement Error Model

This paper studies the uniform convergence rates of Li and Vuong’s (1998, Journal of Multivariate Analysis 65, 139–165; hereafter LV) nonparametric deconvolution estimator and its regularized version by Comte and Kappus (2015, Journal of Multivariate Analysis 140, 31–46) for the classical measurement error model, where repeated noisy measurements on the error-free variable of interest are available. In contrast to LV, our assumptions allow unbounded supports for the error-free variable and measurement errors. Compared to Bonhomme and Robin (2010, Review of Economic Studies 77, 491–533) specialized to the measurement error model, our assumptions do not require existence of the moment generating functions of the square and product of repeated measurements. Furthermore, by utilizing a maximal inequality for the multivariate normalized empirical characteristic function process, we derive uniform convergence rates that are faster than the ones derived in these papers under such weaker conditions.

scholarly journals The Role of Measurement Error and Misclassification in Mediation Analysis

Epidemiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. VanderWeele ◽  
Linda Valeri ◽  
Elizabeth L. Ogburn
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Mediation Analysis

Re-Assessing Poverty Dynamics and State Protections in Britain and the US: The Role of Measurement Error

2009 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Worts ◽  
Amanda Sacker ◽  
Peggy McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Poverty Dynamics ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals To what extent is social inequality in school-age achievement determined before and during schooling? A longitudinal analysis in three European countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampiero Passaretta ◽  
Jan Skopek ◽  
Thomas van Huizen
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
School Age ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
School Life ◽  
Primary Schooling ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Before School

We estimate the degree to which socioeconomic status (SES) gaps in children’s language skills observed in primary schooling are already determined before children enter school in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. We use representative and longitudinal cohort data and apply instrumental variable estimation to deal with measurement error in test scores. Around 60–80% of SES gaps in language at the end of primary school are attributable to gaps settled before formal schooling, while at most 20–40% is attributable to SES operating during the school years. We also show that ignoring measurement error results in a major overestimation of the role of SES during schooling. Our findings suggest that the most effective strategy for reducing social inequality in school-age achievement is reducing inequality before school life starts.

Theoretical study of Zeno and anti-Zeno effects on photodissociation dynamics: A model approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1650070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikram Nath ◽  
Chandan Kumar Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Population Transfer ◽  
Vibrational States ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Zeno Effect ◽  
Dissociation Dynamics ◽  
Vibrational Population

Zeno and anti-Zeno effects in the evolution of the multi-photonic dissociation dynamics of the diatomic molecule HBr[Formula: see text] owing to repeated measurements demand if the system in the initial state have been studied. The effects have been calculated numerically for the case of vibrational population transfer and dissociation dynamics of HBr[Formula: see text] taking it as a model. We use time-dependent Fourier grid Hamiltonian (TDFGH) method as a mathematical tool in presence of intense radiation field as perturbation. The effects have been explored through a probable mechanism of population transfer from the ground vibrational state to the different upper vibrational states which ultimately go to the dissociation continuum. The results show significant differences in the mechanism of population transfer and the significant role of time interval of measurement ([Formula: see text] in Zeno and anti-Zeno effects. In case of survival probability of ground vibrational states, there is Zeno effect when the frequency of the laser to which the molecule is submitted is near the vibrational [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] resonance, while there is anti-Zeno effect if it is far from this resonance.

scholarly journals Disagreement in Assessing Neighboring and Collective Efficacy: The Role of Social Distance

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311876953 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Hipp ◽  
Seth A. Williams ◽  
Adam Boessen
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Whereas existing research typically treats variability in residents’ reports of collective efficacy and neighboring as measurement error, the authors consider such variability as of substantive interest in itself. This variability may indicate disagreement among residents with implications for the neighborhood collectivity. The authors propose using a general measure of social distance based on several social dimensions (rather than measures based on a single dimension such as racial/ethnic heterogeneity or income inequality) to help understand this variability in assessments. The authors use data from wave I (2001) of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey ( n = 3,570) to aggregate respondents into egohoods of two different sizes: quarter-mile and half-mile radii. Consistent with expectations, neighborhoods with higher levels of general social distance have higher variability in reports of neighboring and the two components of collective efficacy, cohesion and informal social control.

Life-events and psychiatric disorders Part 1: some methodological issues

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Brown ◽  
F. Sklair ◽  
T. O. Harris ◽  
J. L. T. Birley
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Depressive Patients

SynopsisThe paper focuses on recent criticisms of the study of the role of life-events in the onset of psychiatric conditions and suggests that measurement error and bias can be reasonably well controlled by various methodological procedures. Failure to comply with these may be expected, however, to increase rather than decrease the chances of establishing a ‘positive’ resuit. Three further factors to do with the design of studies and the analysis of data are discussed which are likely to mask real differences between patient and comparison group, and which therefore might explain the ‘negative’ results reported in the literature. They concern: (1) the choice of an appropriate comparison group; (2) specification of the length of the period between event and onset; and (3) specification of the event in terms of some measure of severity. Results from two London studies of schizophrenic and depressive patients are presented to illustrate the argument. The studies suggest that life-events do play an important causal role in bringing about both disorders.

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