scholarly journals A species‐specific multigene family mediates differential sperm displacement in Drosophila melanogaster

Evolution ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Jayaswal ◽  
Jamie Jimenez ◽  
Robert Magie ◽  
Kien Nguyen ◽  
Bryan Clifton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Sperm Displacement ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Female Genotypes Affect Sperm Displacement in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G Clark ◽  
David J Begun
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Sperm Displacement ◽  
Extensive Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Genes ◽  
Displacement Parameter ◽  
Competitive Success

Abstract Differential success of sperm is likely to be an important component of fitness. Extensive variation among male genotypes in competitive success of sperm in multiply mated females has been documented for Drosophila melanogaster. However, virtually all previous studies considered the female to be a passive vessel. Nevertheless, under certain conditions female fitness could be determined by her role in mediating use of sperm from multiple males. Here we ask whether females differ among genotypes in their tendency to exhibit last-male precedence. Competition of sperm from two tester male genotypes (bwD and B3-09, a third-chromosome isogenic line from Beltsville, MD) was quantified by doubly mating female lines that had been rendered homozygous for X, second, or third chromosomes isolated from natural populations. The composite sperm displacement parameter, P2′, was highly heterogeneous among lines, whether or not viability effects were compensated, implying the presence of polymorphic genes affecting access of sperm to eggs. Genetic variation of this type is completely neutral in the absence of pleiotropy or interaction between variation in the two sexes.

Multigene Family of Ribosomal DNA in Drosophila melanogaster Reveals Contrasting Patterns of Homogenization for IGS and ITS Spacer Regions: A Possible Mechanism to Resolve This Paradox

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Polanco ◽  
Ana I González ◽  
Álvaro de la Fuente ◽  
Gabriel A Dover
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Concerted Evolution ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Mutation Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Exchanges

Abstract The multigene family of rDNA in Drosophila reveals high levels of within-species homogeneity and between-species diversity. This pattern of mutation distribution is known as concerted evolution and is considered to be due to a variety of genomic mechanisms of turnover (e.g., unequal crossing over and gene conversion) that underpin the process of molecular drive. The dynamics of spread of mutant repeats through a gene family, and ultimately through a sexual population, depends on the differences in rates of turnover within and between chromosomes. Our extensive molecular analysis of the intergenic spacer (IGS) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) spacer regions within repetitive rDNA units, drawn from the same individuals in 10 natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster collected along a latitudinal cline on the east coast of Australia, indicates a relatively fast rate of X-Y and X-X interchromosomal exchanges of IGS length variants in agreement with a multilineage model of homogenization. In contrast, an X chromosome-restricted 24-bp deletion in the ITS spacers is indicative of the absence of X-Y chromosome exchanges for this region that is part of the same repetitive rDNA units. Hence, a single lineage model of homogenization, coupled to drift and/or selection, seems to be responsible for ITS concerted evolution. A single-stranded exchange mechanism is proposed to resolve this paradox, based on the role of the IGS region in meiotic pairing between X and Y chromosomes in D. melanogaster.

Insect Glycobiology: A Lectin Multigene Family in Drosophila melanogaster

1999 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Theopold ◽  
Michael Rissler ◽  
Marco Fabbri ◽  
Otto Schmidt ◽  
Shunji Natori
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Multigene Family

scholarly journals Rapid Functional and Sequence Differentiation of a Tandemly Repeated Species-Specific Multigene Family inDrosophila

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Clifton ◽  
Pablo Librado ◽  
Shu-Dan Yeh ◽  
Edwin S. Solares ◽  
Daphne A. Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multigene Family ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals A Method for Estimating the Mutation, Gene Conversion and Recombination Parameters in Small Multigene Families

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Innan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Multigene Families ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Conversion Model ◽  
Synonymous Sites ◽  
Theoretical Results

Abstract A simple two-locus gene conversion model is considered to investigate the amounts of DNA variation and linkage disequilibrium in small multigene families. The exact solutions for the expectations and variances of the amounts of variation within and between two loci are obtained. It is shown that gene conversion increases the amount of variation within each locus and decreases the amount of variation between two loci. The expectation and variance of the amount of linkage disequilibrium are also obtained. Gene conversion generates positive linkage disequilibrium and the degree of linkage disequilibrium decreases as the recombination rate is increased. Using the theoretical results, a method for estimating the mutation, gene conversion, and recombination parameters is developed and applied to the data of the Amy multigene family in Drosophila melanogaster. The gene conversion rate is estimated to be ∼60–165 times higher than the mutation rate for synonymous sites.

scholarly journals Growth and size control during development

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 170190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannik Vollmer ◽  
Fernando Casares ◽  
Dagmar Iber
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Size Control ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Vinegar Fly ◽  
Species Specific

The size and shape of organs are characteristic for each species. Even when organisms develop to different sizes due to varying environmental conditions, such as nutrition, organ size follows species-specific rules of proportionality to the rest of the body, a phenomenon referred to as allometry. Therefore, for a given environment, organs stop growth at a predictable size set by the species's genotype. How do organs stop growth? How can related species give rise to organs of strikingly different size? No definitive answer has been given to date. One of the major models for the studies of growth termination is the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. Therefore, this review will focus mostly on work carried out in Drosophila to try to tease apart potential mechanisms and identify routes for further investigation . One general rule, found across the animal kingdom, is that the rate of growth declines with developmental time. Therefore, answers to the problem of growth termination should explain this seemingly universal fact. In addition, growth termination is intimately related to the problems of robustness (i.e. precision) and plasticity in organ size, symmetric and asymmetric organ development, and of how the ‘target’ size depends on extrinsic, environmental factors.

scholarly journals The role of species-specific sensory cues in male responses to mating rivals in Drosophila melanogaster fruitflies

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 9247-9256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Bretman ◽  
James Rouse ◽  
James D. Westmancoat ◽  
Tracey Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Species Specific
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